Microsoft Power Platform PL-900 Certification Training

The Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals certification, designated as PL-900, serves as an introductory training course for individuals interested in learning how to leverage Microsoft’s low-code platform to solve business challenges. The course introduces learners to the core components of the Power Platform, including Power Apps, Power Automate, Power BI, and Power Virtual Agents, and outlines how these tools can be combined to build efficient business solutions.

This course is designed for professionals who may not have a background in development or IT but are looking to gain functional knowledge of Microsoft’s ecosystem to improve workflows, analyze data, and automate processes. The certification validates foundational-level knowledge and offers a gateway into more advanced Microsoft certifications.

Who Should Take the PL-900 Certification Training

The PL-900 training is tailored for a diverse group of professionals seeking to enhance their digital skills. Whether learners are business analysts, application developers, data analysts, or simply professionals aiming to modernize their workflow, the course equips them with the knowledge to interact effectively with the Power Platform.

It is especially suited for individuals who want to:

• Understand the capabilities of Microsoft’s business tools
• Improve their ability to automate tasks and processes
• Design basic apps without the need for traditional coding
• Use data to drive insights and decisions
• Create chatbots to handle repetitive customer queries

No prior experience in coding or software development is required, making it highly accessible for individuals across business domains.

Overview of the Course Structure and Format

The Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals course is structured to provide both theoretical understanding and hands-on experience. Learners can expect instructor-led sessions, self-paced modules, and practical labs that reinforce learning. The course is available in various formats to accommodate different learning preferences, including virtual classrooms, in-person sessions, and on-demand digital learning.

Participants also receive access to curated content developed by Microsoft-accredited training providers. These materials are designed to prepare learners for the PL-900 certification exam while ensuring that the skills learned can be applied in real business scenarios.

Key Components Introduced in the PL-900 Course

The PL-900 course covers the four primary applications that form the core of the Microsoft Power Platform. Each component is introduced in a dedicated module, allowing learners to build familiarity with its functions, interface, and best use cases.

Power Apps is introduced as a tool for building custom applications without traditional coding. Learners explore canvas apps and model-driven apps and are guided through designing user-friendly interfaces that connect to data sources.

Power Automate teaches participants how to automate repetitive tasks. Learners build workflows that trigger based on user input or data changes, saving time and improving consistency in business operations.

Power BI is focused on data visualization and analytics. The module shows learners how to create dashboards and reports that help organizations make data-driven decisions.

Power Virtual Agents introduces chatbot creation for both customer and internal use. Learners build bots that answer questions, direct users, or interact with data systems to perform tasks.

Benefits of Learning the Microsoft Power Platform

The course provides clear value for professionals and businesses alike. By mastering the Power Platform, learners can significantly enhance their productivity and strategic capabilities. These tools support automation, data analysis, app development, and customer service—all from a unified platform.

Individuals benefit from:

• Improved job performance through automation and data skills
• Opportunities for career advancement in tech-enabled roles
• Preparation for higher-level Microsoft certifications
• A globally recognized certification credential
• Enhanced ability to solve business problems with technology

Organizations benefit from employees who can create apps, automate workflows, and generate insights without needing constant support from development teams.

Integration with Microsoft Ecosystem

A key strength of the Power Platform is its seamless integration with other Microsoft products, such as Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, and Azure. This integration allows professionals to build solutions that connect across departments, systems, and services.

For example, Power Apps can connect to SharePoint, Microsoft Teams, or Excel to create powerful business tools without switching platforms. Power Automate can trigger actions across multiple applications based on user activity or system events. Power BI can pull data from Dynamics 365 or Azure to provide real-time business intelligence.

This interoperability extends the reach and effectiveness of solutions built on the Power Platform and reinforces the importance of understanding these tools in today’s digital workplace.

Training Modes and Global Availability

One of the strengths of the PL-900 certification training is its flexibility and global reach. The course is available in more than one hundred locations worldwide and can be accessed through accredited Microsoft training partners. It is offered in four distinct modes to meet the preferences and schedules of a diverse learner base.

These modes include:

• Instructor-led training (virtual or in-person)
• Self-paced digital learning
• Hybrid learning options
• Corporate or group training sessions

Regardless of the format, all training options follow the same high-quality curriculum and are delivered by certified Microsoft instructors.

Certification Preparation and Exam Format

The PL-900 certification exam tests the candidate’s understanding of the Power Platform’s core components and their ability to apply them in real-world business scenarios. The exam consists of 40 to 60 multiple-choice and multiple-select questions and must be completed within 120 minutes.

The exam is administered by a global testing provider and is available in several languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Japanese, Korean, Portuguese (Brazil), Italian, Russian, Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and Indonesian.

The cost of the exam is approximately USD 99, and successful candidates receive an official certification badge from Microsoft. This badge can be included on resumes, LinkedIn profiles, and professional portfolios to demonstrate verified skills in Power Platform.

Career Advancement Through Certification

Professionals who earn the PL-900 certification often report increased career opportunities and recognition. As organizations continue to prioritize digital skills, being certified in Microsoft Power Platform signals readiness to contribute to technology-enabled solutions. In many industries, this certification can lead to roles involving process automation, data visualization, solution development, and customer experience improvement.

Additionally, certified individuals often enjoy:

• Better job security in digitally transforming companies
• Higher average salaries, with some professionals reporting increases of over 20 percent
• Increased confidence when participating in IT or transformation projects
• Eligibility for further specialization in areas like app development or data analysis

The PL-900 is not just a credential; it’s a practical toolkit for modern professionals.

Real-World Use Cases and Scenarios

Throughout the training, learners are exposed to real-world scenarios that illustrate how Power Platform tools are used in business. These use cases range from automating expense approvals to building apps for managing customer feedback, and from creating dashboards that track sales performance to deploying chatbots for HR services.

By working through these examples, learners understand how to map business problems to technology solutions. They gain confidence in identifying opportunities for improvement in their organizations and can begin developing practical solutions using the skills learned during the course.

Introduction to Microsoft Dataverse

Microsoft Dataverse is the secure, scalable data platform that underpins the Microsoft Power Platform. It allows users to store and manage data used by business applications in a standardized format. This shared data language makes it easier to build applications, create automated workflows, and analyze data consistently across the Power Platform.

Dataverse simplifies data modeling by using tables, which represent entities such as customers, products, or orders. These tables contain columns for each data point and rows for each record. Organizations can use both standard tables provided by Microsoft and custom tables built to meet specific business needs.

Key Features and Benefits of Dataverse

One of the core benefits of Dataverse is its built-in support for managing relationships between different data types. Users can define one-to-many or many-to-many relationships across tables, which allows for more meaningful data modeling and integration. This capability supports business logic such as tracking customer interactions or managing inventory levels.

Dataverse includes support for rich data types, including text, numbers, date and time, choices, lookups, and calculated values. These data types enable organizations to capture and manage complex data scenarios within a unified environment.

Another important feature is automatic data validation and consistency enforcement. Organizations can create business rules to ensure that data entered into applications meets predefined standards. This helps reduce errors and ensures that reports and applications reflect accurate, consistent information.

Security and Access Control in Dataverse

Dataverse offers a robust and flexible security model that protects organizational data at multiple levels. Role-based security allows administrators to control access to tables, columns, and individual records. This means that users only see and interact with the data they are authorized to access.

Security roles define permissions for actions such as reading, writing, deleting, or sharing data. These roles can be assigned to individual users or groups, making it easier to manage access as team structures change. Field-level security ensures that even within a record, certain sensitive data can be restricted.

Data access can also be filtered using hierarchical security models, where managers can see the data of their team members but not of unrelated departments. This approach helps align data access with business responsibilities and compliance requirements.

Integration with Power Platform Applications

Dataverse is fully integrated with other components of the Microsoft Power Platform. This integration provides a unified experience when building applications, automating processes, and analyzing data. Power Apps uses Dataverse as a default data source, allowing users to build model-driven or canvas apps that store and retrieve data directly from Dataverse.

Power Automate can be used to trigger workflows when data changes in Dataverse. For example, a workflow might send a notification when a new customer is added or update a record when a condition is met. These automated flows help streamline business processes and reduce manual effort.

Power BI connects directly to Dataverse, enabling real-time reporting and data analysis. This connection allows users to create dashboards that reflect the latest business data without requiring complex data integrations or exports.

Power Virtual Agents can retrieve or update information stored in Dataverse during chatbot conversations. This capability allows organizations to build intelligent bots that provide accurate responses and support based on up-to-date business information.

Business Logic and Automation in Dataverse

Dataverse includes tools that allow users to embed business logic into their data model without writing code. Business rules define conditions and actions that help ensure data quality and enforce workflows. For instance, a rule can be created to prevent closing a sales opportunity without entering an estimated revenue.

Calculations can be embedded in the data layer through calculated fields and roll-up fields. A calculated field can perform operations such as adding tax to a total amount, while a roll-up field can sum values from related records, such as the total sales for a customer.

Workflows built within Dataverse can automate tasks based on record changes or time-based triggers. These workflows can perform a wide range of actions, such as updating records, sending emails, or creating new records based on existing data.

These built-in capabilities allow businesses to automate processes and enforce consistent data handling across all Power Platform applications without needing extensive custom development.

Connecting to External Data with Dataverse

Dataverse provides a wide array of connectors that enable it to interact with data sources outside the Power Platform. With over 600 connectors available, users can integrate with services such as SharePoint, SQL Server, Salesforce, Google services, and social media platforms.

These connectors support real-time data integration and can be used in Power Apps, Power Automate, and Power BI. For example, a business could create an app that collects data from a web form, stores it in Dataverse, and then sends an automated response email using Power Automate.

Custom connectors can also be developed to connect to APIs not supported by the standard library. This flexibility ensures that Dataverse can become the central hub for data management across a wide variety of systems and platforms.

Virtual tables allow Dataverse to display data from external systems as if it were stored locally, even though the data remains in its original location. This approach provides a unified user experience and reduces the need for data duplication.

Dataverse in Enterprise and Industry Use Cases

Dataverse is widely used in enterprise applications where data integration, consistency, and security are critical. It supports complex business scenarios such as customer relationship management, supply chain management, and service delivery tracking.

In healthcare, Dataverse can be used to manage patient records and appointments while maintaining compliance with data privacy regulations. In finance, it supports portfolio tracking, risk analysis, and client interactions.

Retail businesses use Dataverse to manage product catalogs, track customer orders, and connect sales data to loyalty programs. In education, institutions can use Dataverse to manage student information, academic records, and course schedules.

Its adaptability and scalability make Dataverse suitable for organizations of all sizes and industries, supporting both simple departmental solutions and large enterprise systems.

Benefits of Learning Dataverse in the PL-900 Course

For PL-900 learners, gaining a strong understanding of Dataverse offers several advantages. It enables them to build more robust and integrated Power Platform solutions that go beyond basic functionality. It also prepares them for more advanced certifications and professional roles that require deeper technical skills.

Learning Dataverse provides insights into data modeling, relationships, and the logic layer of application development. This knowledge can be applied in real projects, where professionals need to create secure, efficient, and user-friendly systems.

In addition, understanding Dataverse helps learners develop solutions that scale as business needs evolve. Instead of relying on spreadsheets or disconnected tools, professionals can create centralized, connected systems that improve data visibility and process efficiency.

By mastering Dataverse, learners position themselves as capable solution creators who can leverage Microsoft’s powerful ecosystem to solve real business challenges.

Introduction to Power Apps

Power Apps is a core component of the Microsoft Power Platform, designed to enable users to build custom business applications quickly and without extensive coding. It empowers both professional developers and citizen developers to solve business challenges through digital innovation. Power Apps provides a visual interface and prebuilt templates that streamline the process of app creation, making it accessible to users with limited technical knowledge.

The purpose of Power Apps is to bridge the gap between business users and application development by providing tools to build apps that connect to data, automate workflows, and extend business capabilities. These applications can run on the web, on mobile devices, or embedded within other Microsoft services such as Teams or SharePoint.

Types of Power Apps

There are three primary types of apps that users can build in Power Apps: canvas apps, model-driven apps, and portal apps. Each type serves different use cases and leverages different capabilities within the platform.

Canvas apps offer a highly customizable design experience. Users start with a blank canvas and drag and drop elements such as text boxes, images, buttons, and forms to create a custom user interface. The layout and logic are fully controlled by the app creator, making canvas apps ideal for scenarios where a unique user experience is essential.

Model-driven apps focus on data and logic rather than layout. These apps are built on the underlying data model within Dataverse. They automatically generate user interfaces based on the relationships, views, and forms defined in the data structure. Model-driven apps are well-suited for scenarios where data management and process automation are priorities, such as customer relationship management or case tracking.

Portal apps provide external users with secure access to data stored in Dataverse. These apps are useful when organizations want to expose parts of their internal systems to partners, vendors, or customers through a branded, web-based interface.

Building a Canvas App

Creating a canvas app starts with choosing a data source, such as Dataverse, SharePoint, or Excel. Users then design the app interface by dragging controls like galleries, forms, and labels onto the screen. Logic is added using a formula-based language similar to Excel, which defines how controls behave and how data is manipulated.

For example, a user could create a form that allows employees to submit expense reports. The form can include input fields, a submit button, and a gallery showing previously submitted reports. Data is saved to a table in Dataverse or another connected source. The app can include validations to ensure correct entries, such as limiting the amount or requiring a receipt to be uploaded.

Canvas apps are flexible in terms of design, allowing users to fully control the positioning of elements. This makes them ideal for mobile-first experiences where screen real estate must be carefully managed. Developers can also create responsive layouts that adapt to various screen sizes.

Creating a Model-Driven App

To build a model-driven app, the first step is to define the data model in Dataverse. This includes creating tables, columns, and relationships. Once the data model is in place, users define views, forms, and dashboards that shape how data is displayed and interacted with.

The app builder automatically generates the interface based on these components. Users can navigate through records using menus and subgrids, perform searches, and update data directly from the app. Because the layout is standardized and responsive, model-driven apps are particularly useful for enterprise-grade solutions that require consistency and scalability.

Model-driven apps also support advanced features such as business process flows, which guide users through multistep workflows. These flows are often used in sales or service scenarios to ensure that processes are followed in a consistent manner across the organization.

Using Power Apps with Dataverse

Power Apps integrates deeply with Dataverse, enabling app creators to use the data model as the foundation for application development. When working with Dataverse, app builders can leverage relationships, calculated fields, business rules, and security roles directly within their apps.

This integration simplifies data management and ensures consistency across multiple apps. It also allows for the reuse of components such as forms and views, reducing development time and maintenance effort.

For example, if a business manages inventory data in Dataverse, they can create one app for warehouse staff to update stock levels and another for managers to review reports. Both apps use the same underlying data, which ensures accuracy and coherence.

Incorporating Logic and Automation

Power Apps supports the use of logic to control app behavior. Formulas can be written to validate user inputs, navigate between screens, or trigger other actions such as sending an email or creating a task. This logic is defined using Power Fx, a low-code language that is similar to Excel formulas.

In addition to in-app logic, Power Apps can trigger Power Automate flows. These flows allow for more complex automation that extends beyond the app itself. For instance, submitting a form in Power Apps could automatically trigger a flow that sends an approval request to a manager, updates a SharePoint list, and notifies the requester.

This combination of in-app logic and external automation gives users powerful tools to build applications that do more than just collect and display data.

User Experience and Design Considerations

Creating an effective Power App requires attention to user experience. Canvas apps allow full control over the layout, which makes it essential to plan the design with usability in mind. Designers should consider color schemes, control sizes, and navigation patterns to ensure that users can complete tasks efficiently.

Model-driven apps offer a more structured layout, but customization is still possible through theming and branding. Users can tailor forms and dashboards to highlight key information and guide users through critical tasks.

Accessibility is another key consideration. Power Apps supports accessibility standards, enabling the creation of applications that are usable by individuals with disabilities. Features such as keyboard navigation, screen reader support, and high-contrast modes are built into the platform.

Connecting Power Apps to External Data

In addition to Dataverse, Power Apps supports a wide range of connectors to external data sources. This allows app creators to build solutions that interact with data from systems like Salesforce, Google Sheets, Dropbox, and SQL Server. These connections enable seamless data exchange and integration between Power Apps and third-party services.

Custom connectors can be developed when a needed API is not available in the standard library. This ensures that Power Apps can support virtually any business system, regardless of vendor or technology stack.

Using these connectors, a business could build a customer support app that pulls ticket data from a third-party service and updates customer records in Dataverse based on interactions.

Security and Governance in Power Apps

Power Apps includes enterprise-grade security features that help protect data and ensure compliance with organizational policies. Administrators can use role-based access control to limit who can view or edit data in apps. Environment-level controls define where apps are created, who can publish them, and how data is stored and shared.

The Power Platform admin center allows administrators to monitor app usage, enforce data loss prevention policies, and audit user activities. These tools help maintain control over the app lifecycle and ensure that sensitive information is handled responsibly.

Governance frameworks can be established to guide how apps are built, reviewed, and deployed. This helps prevent shadow IT and ensures that all apps meet organizational standards for security, usability, and performance.

Learning Power Apps for PL-900 Certification

Understanding Power Apps is essential for passing the PL-900 exam. Learners are expected to demonstrate knowledge of app types, design considerations, integration with data sources, and logic implementation. The exam may include questions about when to use canvas versus model-driven apps, how to connect to data, and how to build user-friendly experiences.

Hands-on experience is highly recommended. Learners can practice by creating simple apps using sample data, exploring templates, and testing out automation scenarios. Microsoft provides learning environments and labs to help users build confidence in using the platform.

By mastering Power Apps, learners position themselves to create impactful digital solutions that solve real business problems and demonstrate the value of low-code development.

Introduction to Power Automate

Power Automate is a key component of the Microsoft Power Platform that allows users to create automated workflows between various applications and services. These workflows, known as flows, help users to synchronize files, get notifications, collect data, and automate repetitive tasks without manual intervention. Power Automate is designed for both technical users and business professionals, offering a no-code or low-code solution to streamline operations and enhance productivity.

The core idea behind Power Automate is to enable organizations to digitize their manual business processes and achieve consistency and efficiency. It serves as a powerful bridge between systems, removing data silos and ensuring that tasks and information move smoothly through business pipelines.

Types of Flows in Power Automate

Power Automate provides different types of flows that can be used depending on the specific business scenario. These include automated flows, instant flows, scheduled flows, business process flows, and desktop flows.

Automated flows are triggered by an event such as receiving an email or a new file being added to a SharePoint folder. These flows run automatically and are ideal for scenarios where tasks must be executed in response to real-time events.

Instant flows are triggered manually by a user, typically through a button press. These flows are used for on-demand actions such as submitting approvals or sending reminders.

Scheduled flows run at specific times or intervals. They are useful for recurring tasks such as daily reports, weekly status updates, or regular data cleanup operations.

Business process flows guide users through a defined sequence of steps in a business process. These flows ensure consistency and compliance, particularly in regulated industries or structured workflows like case management.

Desktop flows enable robotic process automation by automating tasks on a local computer. These flows interact with applications that do not have APIs by simulating human interaction with user interfaces.

Creating a Flow with Power Automate

Building a flow in Power Automate begins with selecting a trigger. The trigger is the event that starts the flow, such as when a new item is created in a list or a form is submitted. After selecting the trigger, the user adds one or more actions. Each action performs a task, such as sending an email, updating a record, or creating a file.

Flows can include conditions, loops, and branching logic to handle different scenarios. For example, a flow could check if a submitted form contains a certain response and then send a specific notification based on that input.

Power Automate offers a visual designer that allows users to build flows by selecting triggers and actions from a library of connectors. Users can configure each step through a form-based interface without writing any code.

Using Connectors in Power Automate

Connectors are essential to Power Automate, enabling it to interact with a wide range of services and systems. Power Automate includes hundreds of prebuilt connectors for services such as Microsoft Outlook, SharePoint, Teams, Excel, Dynamics 365, Salesforce, Twitter, Dropbox, and more.

When creating a flow, users choose connectors to define how the flow will communicate with external systems. For example, a flow might use the Outlook connector to check for new emails, the SharePoint connector to save attachments, and the Teams connector to notify a user.

Custom connectors can also be created for services that are not included in the standard library. This allows organizations to extend the platform and automate workflows involving internal or third-party applications with private APIs.

Using Templates to Accelerate Development

Power Automate provides a collection of templates to help users get started quickly. These templates cover common business scenarios such as sending alerts when files are modified, synchronizing calendar events, or gathering survey responses. Templates include preconfigured triggers and actions that users can customize to fit their specific needs.

Using templates reduces development time and lowers the barrier to entry for new users. Templates also serve as a learning tool, allowing users to explore how flows are structured and how different connectors interact with one another.

Organizations can also create their templates to standardize workflows across departments or teams. This helps promote consistency and reuse of best practices in process automation.

Error Handling and Monitoring

Robust error handling is an important part of flow design. Power Automate provides features for detecting and responding to errors, such as configuring retry policies, setting timeouts, and adding conditional branches to handle failures.

When a flow runs, its status is recorded in a run history. Users can view details about each step, including inputs, outputs, and error messages. This helps diagnose issues and optimize flow performance.

Administrators can monitor flows across the organization using the Power Platform admin center. Metrics such as usage, performance, and error rates can be tracked to ensure that flows are reliable and efficient.

Integrating Power Automate with Power Apps

Power Automate integrates seamlessly with Power Apps. This integration allows app creators to build apps that trigger flows when users perform specific actions. For example, clicking a button in a Power App could start a flow that sends approval requests or logs data in an external system.

Flows can be shared with other users or embedded directly into Power Apps. This extends the functionality of apps and allows for more advanced automation scenarios without increasing app complexity.

By combining Power Automate with Power Apps, users can build sophisticated solutions that incorporate both data collection and workflow automation, delivering a more complete digital transformation experience.

Leveraging AI in Power Automate

Power Automate includes AI Builder capabilities that allow users to incorporate artificial intelligence into their workflows. With AI Builder, users can add prebuilt or custom AI models to analyze text, recognize forms, extract information from images, and predict outcomes.

For instance, a flow could use AI to extract text from scanned documents and save the extracted information to a database. Another flow might analyze customer feedback and categorize it based on sentiment.

These AI-enhanced flows help organizations gain insights and automate decision-making processes. They allow businesses to create intelligent workflows that adapt based on real-time data and patterns.

Security and Governance in Power Automate

Power Automate includes security and governance tools to ensure that flows comply with organizational policies. Administrators can define data loss prevention policies that restrict which connectors can be used together, helping to prevent unauthorized data transfers.

Environment-level settings control access to resources and help separate development, testing, and production workflows. Role-based access control determines who can create, run, or modify flows.

Audit logs and activity reports are available to track flow usage and detect potential misuse. Organizations can also apply governance frameworks that define approval workflows for publishing flows and establish guidelines for flow design and documentation.

Preparing for the PL-900 Certification with Power Automate

Understanding how Power Automate works is crucial for success in the PL-900 exam. Learners are expected to demonstrate knowledge of flow types, connectors, use cases, error handling, and integration with other Power Platform components.

Hands-on practice is recommended to become comfortable with the flow designer and the logic used to automate business processes. Exploring templates, building sample flows, and reviewing use cases will help learners gain the confidence needed to apply Power Automate effectively.

By mastering Power Automate, learners not only prepare for certification but also acquire valuable skills that can be applied immediately to improve operational efficiency and drive innovation in their organizations.

Final Thoughts

The Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals (PL-900) course offers a foundational understanding of a powerful suite of tools designed to help organizations automate processes, analyze data, and build custom applications with minimal code. With its core components, Power Apps, Power BI, Power Automate, and Power Virtual Agents, this platform empowers users across different roles to take control of their workflows, data, and customer interactions.

By engaging with the PL-900 course content, learners acquire the practical knowledge necessary to navigate and apply each tool within the Power Platform effectively. Whether it’s building a simple business app using Power Apps, creating insightful reports in Power BI, automating manual processes through Power Automate, or deploying intelligent chatbots using Power Virtual Agents, this certification provides the essential skills to drive digital transformation at any level of an organization.

The PL-900 certification also serves as a valuable stepping stone for those who wish to pursue more advanced Microsoft certifications in application development, data analytics, or solution architecture. It offers not just a technical skill set, but also a clear demonstration of an individual’s ability to leverage modern tools for real business outcomes.

As businesses continue to evolve and rely more on integrated technology solutions, professionals with Power Platform expertise will be in high demand. Completing the PL-900 course and earning certification allows you to stand out in the job market, enhance your credibility, and contribute meaningfully to your organization’s digital strategy.

In conclusion, the Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals course equips you with more than just knowledge, it provides you with practical capabilities and a certification recognized globally. It is an investment in both your current performance and your long-term career trajectory in an increasingly data-driven, automated, and app-centric world.