CompTIA 220-1201 CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 1 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 10 Q136-150
Visit here for our full CompTIA 220-1201 exam dumps and practice test questions.
Question136
A laptop intermittently loses touch functionality, while the keyboard and external mouse work without issue. The drivers are up to date. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty touch digitizer or connection
B) Outdated display driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop loses touch functionality but other input devices operate correctly, the root cause is usually hardware-related. Option A, a faulty touch digitizer or its internal connection, is the most likely culprit. The touch digitizer is the hardware layer embedded in the screen that senses finger input. Over time, mechanical stress, accidental impact, or connector fatigue can lead to intermittent touch response. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating physical hardware components when troubleshooting mobile device input issues.
Technicians can isolate the problem by disabling the touch device in Device Manager and reconnecting it, checking for loose ribbon cables or damaged connectors. Performing a hardware diagnostic tool test helps confirm whether the digitizer is receiving and interpreting signals correctly. If the digitizer is defective, replacing the assembly restores full touch functionality.
Option B, an outdated display driver, can affect graphical performance but would generally also impact external displays or result in broader visual issues. It is unlikely to cause selective touch failure while external input remains operational.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, impacts physical keyboard input only, not touchscreen functionality.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, affects connectivity and has no influence on touch input.
Resolution involves inspecting and securing the touch digitizer cable or replacing the digitizer hardware if defective. Understanding the interaction between the screen, digitizer, and system input layer ensures accurate troubleshooting. Proper diagnosis aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile device hardware, prevents unnecessary component replacement, and restores full touch usability. Maintaining the structural integrity of the hinge and screen assembly is also essential to prevent repeated failures.
Question137
A desktop PC fails to boot to the operating system and displays a “No boot device found” error, even though the storage device is functional in another system. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Incorrect boot order in BIOS/UEFI
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated display driver
D) Faulty network cable
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop cannot boot and indicates “No boot device found,” yet the storage device works elsewhere, the problem is often related to firmware configuration. Option A, incorrect boot order in BIOS/UEFI, is the most probable cause. BIOS/UEFI settings determine which storage device is checked first for bootable content. If the primary drive is not set correctly, the system may skip it and fail to locate the operating system. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights understanding firmware settings when troubleshooting boot issues.
Technicians can access BIOS/UEFI to verify that the correct drive is selected as the primary boot device. Additionally, verifying that the drive is recognized in the BIOS confirms that connections and power delivery are intact. Modern systems also include UEFI secure boot options, which, if misconfigured, can prevent booting. Adjusting boot order and ensuring firmware compatibility resolves the problem.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input but does not prevent the system from detecting bootable devices.
Option C, an outdated display driver, only affects graphics after the OS loads and cannot prevent boot detection.
Option D, a faulty network cable, affects connectivity but does not influence boot device recognition.
Resolution involves configuring the boot order correctly, verifying drive detection, and updating firmware if necessary. Proper configuration ensures that the system boots reliably, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of functional storage devices. Understanding boot priorities, UEFI settings, and secure boot features is critical for accurate troubleshooting.
Question138
A laptop’s battery drains unusually quickly, even with minimal usage, and the system reports full charge when unplugged. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Battery degradation or calibration issue
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated display driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
Unusually fast battery drain despite minimal usage often points to battery health or calibration problems. Option A, battery degradation or calibration issue, is the most likely cause. Lithium-ion batteries degrade over time due to chemical wear and reduced charge capacity. In addition, battery calibration can become inaccurate, causing the system to report full charge incorrectly while the actual capacity is significantly lower. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating battery health and calibration as part of mobile device troubleshooting.
Technicians can check battery wear levels using system diagnostics, OEM utilities, or third-party tools. Full discharge and recharge cycles may recalibrate the battery reporting system. Replacing a degraded battery restores operational runtime and accurate charge reporting. Environmental factors such as high temperature and frequent deep discharges accelerate degradation, so educating users on proper battery care is important.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input and does not impact battery consumption.
Option C, outdated display drivers, may slightly increase GPU power usage if inefficiently rendering, but are unlikely to cause rapid battery depletion independent of workload.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, might lead to excessive network activity and minor battery drain, but cannot explain significant depletion at minimal usage.
Resolution includes battery diagnostics, calibration procedures, and replacement if needed. Understanding chemical aging, charge cycles, and reporting mechanisms ensures accurate troubleshooting. Addressing battery issues restores reliable mobile operation, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of other components while educating users on best practices for longevity.
Question139
A desktop PC connected to a wired network intermittently experiences high latency and packet loss while all other devices on the same network function normally. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty NIC or driver conflict
B) Loose monitor cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low UPS battery
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a single desktop experiences intermittent high latency and packet loss on a wired network, client-side network hardware is often the root cause. Option A, a faulty NIC or driver conflict, is the most probable explanation. Network interface cards can develop electrical faults, overheating issues, or experience driver incompatibilities, resulting in inconsistent packet transmission or reception. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating both hardware and software components when troubleshooting network performance issues.
Technicians can test the NIC by replacing it or using an alternate driver version. Cable integrity, switch port behavior, and network traffic conditions should also be checked to isolate the problem. Faulty NICs may operate normally under low traffic but fail under higher loads, producing intermittent latency. Driver conflicts after system updates or software installations can exacerbate instability. Proper replacement or driver reinstallation resolves the issue.
Option B, a loose monitor cable, only affects video output and does not impact network behavior.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, affects visual rendering but has no bearing on packet transmission or network latency.
Option D, a low UPS battery, may cause system downtime during power events, but intermittent packet loss while the system remains powered is unrelated.
Resolution involves diagnosing the NIC, verifying driver integrity, and ensuring proper network cable and switch port functionality. Proper diagnosis restores reliable connectivity, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated hardware. Understanding NIC operation, driver interactions, and network diagnostics is essential for maintaining long-term network stability.
Question140
A laptop screen flickers only when opening or closing the lid, while external monitors display correctly. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty display cable or hinge connection
B) Outdated graphics driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
Screen flickering associated with lid movement indicates a mechanical or hardware connection problem. Option A, a faulty display cable or hinge connection, is the most likely cause. Laptops use flexible ribbon cables routed through the hinges to connect the motherboard to the display. Repeated movement or stress can cause partial disconnection, fraying, or intermittent electrical contact, leading to flickering. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights physical hardware inspection as a key step in troubleshooting display issues on mobile devices.
Technicians can observe flickering patterns relative to hinge angles to confirm correlation. Inspection of the cable, hinges, and connectors often reveals wear or looseness. Replacing the cable or repairing the hinge resolves flickering. Understanding the display signal path and mechanical stress points ensures accurate diagnosis and effective repair.
Option B, an outdated graphics driver, could cause visual anomalies but would affect both internal and external displays, not only lid movement.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, only affects input functionality and does not influence the display.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, affects connectivity and cannot cause motion-dependent screen flickering.
Resolution involves repairing or replacing the internal display cable or hinge assembly, restoring stable screen operation. Proper inspection, handling, and maintenance prevent repeated failures, ensure accurate diagnosis, and align with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives. Understanding mechanical stress on laptop displays ensures effective troubleshooting and long-term reliability.
Question141
A laptop emits a loud fan noise immediately after boot, even under light usage, and the system becomes warm quickly. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Dust buildup in cooling system or failing thermal sensors
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop exhibits excessive fan noise immediately after boot and heats up rapidly even under light workloads, the issue is usually related to thermal management. Option A, dust buildup in the cooling system or failing thermal sensors, is the most likely cause. Laptops rely on fans, heat sinks, and thermal sensors to maintain optimal temperatures. Dust accumulation obstructs airflow, reduces cooling efficiency, and prevents proper heat dissipation. Faulty thermal sensors may inaccurately detect temperature, prompting fans to run at maximum speed unnecessarily. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes understanding cooling mechanisms and hardware monitoring for troubleshooting overheating and fan-related issues.
Technicians can diagnose this by visually inspecting the cooling system, removing dust with compressed air, and verifying that fans spin freely. Thermal monitoring utilities allow observation of sensor readings and fan speeds. If a sensor is defective, it may report false temperatures, causing the system to overcompensate with fan speed. Cleaning the fans, reapplying thermal paste, or replacing defective sensors restores normal cooling and reduces noise. Proper maintenance prevents hardware degradation due to overheating, ensures efficient energy usage, and prolongs the lifespan of the laptop.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, impacts input but does not cause elevated fan activity.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, may result in performance issues or visual artifacts but cannot directly trigger maximum fan speed unrelated to GPU load.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, affects connectivity but has no influence on thermal behavior.
Resolution includes cleaning the cooling system, inspecting and replacing thermal sensors if necessary, and ensuring unobstructed airflow. Accurate diagnosis restores normal fan operation, prevents thermal throttling, and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile device hardware maintenance. Understanding heat dissipation pathways, fan control mechanisms, and sensor calibration ensures reliable and quiet laptop operation.
Question142
A desktop PC emits a series of short, repeated beeps during startup and fails to display video. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Memory (RAM) failure or misseated modules
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop produces a pattern of short, repeated beeps during POST and no video appears, the problem is usually related to system memory. Option A, memory (RAM) failure or misseated modules, is the most likely cause. Beep codes are motherboard-specific signals indicating hardware issues. Repeated short beeps generally indicate RAM detection failure or errors. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights the importance of interpreting POST codes and systematically troubleshooting memory when video output is absent.
Technicians can remove and reseat RAM modules, ensuring proper alignment and electrical contact. Testing each module individually in known-good slots isolates defective modules. Using diagnostic tools such as memory testers can confirm memory integrity and stability. Understanding motherboard memory architecture, including slot configurations and supported speeds, helps prevent misconfiguration. Replacing faulty RAM restores POST success and normal system operation.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input but does not prevent memory detection or system boot.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, only affects graphics after the OS has loaded and does not influence POST or beep codes.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, has no effect on hardware detection or startup processes.
Resolution involves reseating or replacing RAM, verifying module compatibility, and confirming successful POST. Accurate memory diagnostics prevent unnecessary component replacements, restore system functionality, and align with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop troubleshooting. Understanding memory testing techniques, error codes, and electrical contacts ensures efficient and reliable resolution.
Question143
A laptop intermittently disconnects from Wi-Fi networks while other devices maintain stable connections. The wireless adapter drivers are current. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty wireless adapter or antenna connection
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low battery power
Answer: A
Explanation:
Intermittent wireless connectivity affecting only a single laptop often indicates a hardware fault rather than network configuration. Option A, a faulty wireless adapter or antenna connection, is the most likely cause. Wireless adapters rely on internal antennas to maintain stable communication. Loose connections, damaged antenna wires, or failing adapters can produce dropped connections or high packet loss. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes troubleshooting wireless hardware when driver issues and network settings have been ruled out.
Technicians can test connectivity using an external USB Wi-Fi adapter. If the external adapter resolves connectivity issues, the internal wireless card or antenna is likely defective. Visual inspection of the internal adapter and antenna routing can reveal damage or loose connectors. Replacing the faulty adapter or securing antenna connections restores reliable connectivity. Proper diagnosis prevents unnecessary network configuration changes or system replacements and ensures consistent wireless performance.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, impacts input but does not affect wireless connectivity.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, may affect display but has no bearing on network performance.
Option D, low battery power, could trigger power-saving modes that reduce wireless throughput but would not typically cause intermittent drops when the system is sufficiently charged.
Resolution involves testing hardware, inspecting internal connections, and replacing defective components. Understanding adapter operation, antenna routing, and signal integrity ensures accurate diagnosis. Correct resolution aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, restores stable wireless communication, and prolongs the operational life of the laptop.
Question144
A desktop PC powers on and fans operate normally, but the monitor displays “No signal” even after multiple cable checks and testing a known-good monitor. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty GPU or improperly seated graphics card
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated network driver
D) Low hard drive capacity
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop powers on and the monitor receives no signal despite correct cables and a known-good monitor, the issue is usually graphics-related. Option A, a faulty GPU or improperly seated graphics card, is the most likely cause. The GPU handles video output to the monitor, and if it fails or is incorrectly installed, the system cannot transmit a signal. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes verifying hardware installation and functionality during desktop troubleshooting.
Technicians can remove and reseat the GPU, ensuring it is fully inserted and secured in its PCIe slot. Testing the GPU in another system or using a known-good card in the affected system isolates the fault. Additional steps include checking power connections to the GPU and inspecting for visible damage such as burned components or bent pins. Understanding how the GPU interfaces with the motherboard and delivers video output ensures accurate troubleshooting.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, only affects input and does not impact video output.
Option C, an outdated network driver, affects connectivity but not video signal transmission.
Option D, low hard drive capacity, may affect system performance but does not prevent the GPU from transmitting a display signal during POST.
Resolution involves reseating or replacing the GPU, confirming power and connection integrity, and ensuring drivers are current. Proper diagnostics restore display functionality, align with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevent unnecessary replacement of other components. Knowledge of graphics interface standards, signal pathways, and PCIe slot mechanics is critical for effective and precise troubleshooting.
Question145
A laptop exhibits slow performance, frequent application freezes, and high disk activity even with sufficient RAM and storage. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Failing hard drive or SSD with bad sectors
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop experiences slow performance, application freezes, and high disk activity despite sufficient RAM and storage capacity, the underlying issue is often related to storage media. Option A, a failing hard drive or SSD with bad sectors, is the most probable cause. Physical degradation in storage media can cause read/write delays, system hangs, and excessive disk thrashing. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating storage health as a critical step when diagnosing performance issues.
Technicians can use diagnostic tools such as CHKDSK, SMART monitoring utilities, or OEM-specific tools to assess drive health. Bad sectors or failing memory cells on the drive result in frequent reattempted read/write operations, significantly slowing system responsiveness. Replacing the failing drive and restoring data from backups resolves the performance problems. Understanding how drives interact with the operating system and cache management ensures accurate diagnosis. Preventive maintenance, including monitoring SMART attributes, performing routine backups, and defragmentation for HDDs, helps avoid prolonged system slowdowns and data loss.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input and does not cause system-wide performance degradation.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, may influence GPU-related applications but does not cause generalized disk activity or system freezes.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, may affect online performance or file transfers but cannot explain pervasive disk activity or application freezes locally.
Resolution involves testing storage health, replacing failing drives, and restoring data. Understanding disk failure modes, file system integrity, and performance impact ensures accurate troubleshooting. Proper diagnosis restores normal system performance, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of other components.
Question146
A desktop PC emits a series of long and short beep codes during POST and fails to start, showing no video on the monitor. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Motherboard failure or POST error
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Faulty network cable
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop emits long and short beep codes during POST and fails to display video, the problem is almost always related to the motherboard or critical components detected during POST. Option A, motherboard failure or POST error, is the most likely cause. Beep codes are diagnostic signals generated by the system BIOS/UEFI to indicate hardware malfunctions before the operating system loads. Long and short beeps in specific patterns correspond to POST error codes that are documented in the motherboard manual. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes interpreting POST codes and understanding hardware dependencies when troubleshooting startup issues.
Technicians should first consult the motherboard manufacturer’s documentation to interpret the beep pattern. Possible issues include failed voltage regulators, damaged capacitors, or failed critical chipset components. Visual inspection of the motherboard can reveal blown capacitors, burned traces, or other signs of physical damage. If the motherboard has onboard diagnostic LEDs or a speaker, these can provide additional clues to identify the affected subsystem. Replacing or repairing the motherboard is often necessary when POST errors indicate critical failures.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input devices but cannot prevent POST from executing or impact beep code signaling.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, affects video output after the operating system loads, not the initial POST process.
Option D, a faulty network cable, is irrelevant to POST and early boot diagnostics.
Resolution involves interpreting beep codes, inspecting the motherboard for physical damage, and replacing the board if necessary. Proper diagnosis ensures accurate hardware replacement, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop troubleshooting, and prevents unnecessary replacement of other components. Understanding motherboard architecture, POST routines, and diagnostic code interpretation ensures efficient and precise resolution of startup failures.
Question147
A laptop’s keyboard inputs are erratic, typing multiple characters for a single keystroke, while the touchscreen and external mouse function correctly. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty keyboard or connection issue
B) Loose display cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop produces erratic keyboard input, such as multiple characters for a single keystroke, while other input devices operate normally, the issue is usually hardware-related. Option A, a faulty keyboard or connection issue, is the most probable cause. Laptop keyboards connect to the motherboard via a flexible ribbon cable, which can become loose, damaged, or improperly seated. Physical wear or liquid spills can also cause short circuits or intermittent contact within the keyboard circuitry. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights the importance of evaluating hardware components when diagnosing input device issues.
Technicians can inspect and reseat the keyboard cable, clean connectors, and test the keyboard using external diagnostic tools or the on-screen keyboard for comparison. If the problem persists, replacing the keyboard assembly is typically necessary. Ensuring secure connections and proper orientation of ribbon cables prevents repeated failures. Understanding keyboard architecture and signal transmission ensures accurate diagnosis and prevents misattribution of the issue to software or operating system settings.
Option B, a loose display cable, affects video output but does not impact keyboard input.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, affects visual performance but does not influence keystroke accuracy.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, may affect online interactions but has no effect on local keyboard operation.
Resolution involves inspecting and repairing or replacing the keyboard hardware, ensuring secure connections, and verifying functionality. Accurate diagnosis restores reliable input, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of other components. Knowledge of internal keyboard routing, connectors, and troubleshooting procedures ensures effective and precise resolution.
Question148
A desktop PC intermittently freezes, and event logs indicate frequent disk read/write errors. The system has adequate RAM and CPU resources. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Failing hard drive or SSD
B) Loose monitor cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low UPS battery
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop experiences intermittent freezing accompanied by disk read/write errors, the issue is most likely related to storage hardware. Option A, a failing hard drive or SSD, is the primary cause. Storage devices can develop bad sectors, firmware corruption, or electrical faults that prevent consistent data retrieval. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes diagnosing storage failures as a key step when troubleshooting performance issues.
Technicians can verify drive health using SMART monitoring tools, manufacturer diagnostic utilities, or third-party disk testing software. Symptoms of a failing drive include high disk activity, slow file access, system hangs, or application errors. Replacing the failing drive and restoring data from backups resolves performance problems. For SSDs, firmware updates may temporarily improve performance, but hardware failure usually necessitates replacement. Proper evaluation prevents unnecessary replacement of other components and ensures data integrity.
Option B, a loose monitor cable, affects video output but does not cause system freezing or disk errors.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, may impact display performance but does not produce disk read/write errors or system-wide freezes.
Option D, a low UPS battery, may lead to power interruptions but cannot explain persistent disk errors when the system is operational.
Resolution involves testing the storage device, replacing failing drives, and restoring data from backups. Understanding storage operation, file system integrity, and disk failure modes ensures accurate troubleshooting. Proper diagnostics align with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, restore system stability, and prevent unnecessary component replacement. Regular monitoring and preventive maintenance reduce the risk of future failures.
Question149
A laptop screen intermittently flickers when running on battery power but operates normally when plugged in. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty battery or power regulation issue
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop display flickers only on battery power, the issue typically involves power delivery to the display subsystem. Option A, a faulty battery or power regulation issue, is the most likely cause. Laptops manage power through integrated circuits that regulate voltage to various components. A degraded battery or failing power regulation circuitry can result in unstable voltage to the GPU or display, causing flickering. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating power sources when diagnosing display anomalies on mobile devices.
Technicians can test the laptop using a known-good battery or by running diagnostics on the power delivery circuitry. Observing flickering patterns relative to load or battery charge level helps confirm the source. Replacing a degraded battery or repairing faulty power regulation circuits resolves the flicker. Proper diagnosis ensures reliable operation on battery power, prevents misattribution to software or display hardware, and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, affects input and does not influence screen flickering.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, can cause general display issues, but the issue being restricted to battery operation strongly indicates a power-related problem.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, affects connectivity and cannot cause display flickering.
Resolution involves inspecting the battery and power circuitry, replacing faulty components, and confirming display stability on battery. Understanding mobile power regulation, voltage requirements, and component behavior ensures accurate troubleshooting and long-term reliability. Proper resolution restores stable display operation and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile device hardware.
Question150
A desktop PC connected to a wired network experiences intermittent disconnections and slow file transfers, while all other devices on the same network perform normally. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty NIC or driver conflict
B) Loose monitor cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low UPS battery
Answer: A
Explanation:
Intermittent network performance issues affecting only a single desktop usually indicate a client-side hardware or driver problem. Option A, a faulty NIC or driver conflict, is the most probable cause. Network interface cards can develop electrical faults, overheating issues, or driver incompatibilities, leading to packet loss, slow throughput, or temporary disconnections. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes testing both hardware and drivers when diagnosing connectivity problems.
Technicians can test network connectivity using an external USB NIC or by reinstalling the current NIC drivers. Observing network behavior after these tests can isolate the problem. Checking cable integrity and switch port status ensures the issue is localized to the desktop. Faulty NICs may operate intermittently under certain loads, explaining sporadic slowdowns. Driver conflicts, often caused by updates or software changes, can exacerbate connectivity problems. Replacing the NIC or resolving driver conflicts restores network stability.
Option B, a loose monitor cable, affects video output and does not influence network connectivity.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, impacts display performance but does not affect wired network operation.
Option D, a low UPS battery, may affect uptime during power fluctuations but cannot cause intermittent network disconnections while the system remains powered.
Resolution involves testing NIC hardware, verifying driver integrity, and confirming cable and switch port functionality. Correct diagnosis restores stable network operation, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated components. Understanding NIC operation, driver interactions, and network diagnostic techniques ensures effective troubleshooting and long-term reliability.
Intermittent network performance issues that affect only a single desktop are a common challenge in IT environments and often point to a problem localized to that specific client system rather than a network-wide fault. When evaluating such a situation, the technician must approach the problem systematically, considering both hardware and software components that influence network functionality. In most cases, a desktop that experiences sporadic network connectivity issues while other devices on the same network continue to operate normally is symptomatic of a problem with the network interface card or its associated driver. The network interface card, often abbreviated as NIC, is a critical component that allows the computer to communicate over a wired Ethernet connection. It is responsible for sending and receiving data packets, negotiating link speeds with switches or routers, managing duplex settings, and providing error-checking mechanisms to maintain reliable communication. Over time, NICs can develop electrical or mechanical issues due to manufacturing defects, prolonged heat exposure, or electrical stress. These faults may not be immediately evident, and the NIC may appear to function normally under light usage but fail when higher network loads are applied or when certain conditions trigger instability. For example, during data-intensive tasks such as file transfers, video streaming, or heavy application downloads, a failing NIC might begin dropping packets, resulting in slow throughput or temporary disconnects.
In addition to hardware faults, driver conflicts are a frequent source of intermittent network issues. Network drivers serve as the interface between the operating system and the NIC hardware, translating OS network requests into instructions the hardware can process. Driver conflicts can occur when the operating system is updated, when other software interacts with network components, or when multiple NICs or virtual network adapters coexist on the system. A driver conflict may cause unpredictable behavior such as delayed packet transmission, repeated disconnects, or a complete inability to maintain a stable connection. Unlike hardware faults, these issues are software-related but can have identical symptoms, making systematic diagnosis essential. To isolate the cause, technicians often use diagnostic approaches such as replacing the NIC with an external USB network adapter, which allows them to determine whether the problem is indeed the internal NIC hardware or its driver. If network stability is restored with the replacement device, it confirms a fault in the original NIC. If the problem persists, further investigation of the operating system’s network stack and driver configuration becomes necessary.
It is critical to note why other potential causes in the scenario are less likely or irrelevant. Option B, a loose monitor cable, would solely affect the display output. While a loose or disconnected monitor cable might distract a user or produce display-related error messages, it has no impact on network performance, packet transmission, or connectivity. Option C, an outdated graphics driver, similarly affects only video rendering and display performance. A graphics driver cannot interfere with the operation of a NIC, Ethernet connection, or TCP/IP traffic. Although updating drivers is generally good practice for system stability, in this specific scenario, graphics driver status is unrelated to network instability. Option D, a low UPS battery, could potentially affect system uptime during a power outage or voltage fluctuation. However, if the desktop remains powered during normal operation, a UPS battery in a low state does not produce intermittent connectivity issues. The presence of power from the mains ensures that all devices, including the NIC, receive adequate voltage to function properly. Therefore, while UPS maintenance is important for overall system protection, it is not the cause of sporadic network performance issues in a continuously powered system.
Resolving intermittent network problems requires a combination of diagnostic testing and systematic troubleshooting procedures. The technician begins by confirming that the issue is limited to the affected desktop. Testing other devices on the same network segment establishes whether the problem is client-specific or network-wide. Once it is confirmed that the issue is localized, the technician focuses on the NIC and its drivers. Physical inspection of the NIC can reveal visible signs of damage such as bent or broken connectors, dust accumulation, or overheating indications. Many modern NICs are integrated into the motherboard, which makes replacement slightly more complex, whereas PCIe or PCI cards are easier to replace or swap for testing purposes. Hardware testing is complemented by software testing, including uninstalling and reinstalling the NIC driver, updating it to the latest version, or using diagnostic utilities provided by the NIC manufacturer. These measures ensure that both hardware integrity and driver functionality are verified.
Beyond direct NIC and driver considerations, environmental and system factors can contribute to network instability. Heat buildup inside the desktop chassis can degrade electronic components over time, causing temporary failures during periods of heavy system load. Electrical interference from nearby devices, such as poorly shielded power supplies, high-current machinery, or even fluorescent lighting, can introduce noise into the network interface, affecting performance. Ensuring proper ventilation, cable management, and system placement can mitigate these issues and improve overall stability. Additionally, verifying cable integrity and switch port function is an important step in isolating the problem. A damaged Ethernet cable, loose connection, or failing switch port could mimic client-specific NIC issues, making these checks essential. By systematically testing the physical path of network connectivity, the technician ensures that the root cause is correctly identified rather than replaced based on assumptions.
Network protocols themselves provide useful insight into connectivity issues. Ethernet networks rely on consistent packet delivery, collision detection, and error recovery mechanisms. When a NIC or driver malfunctions, packet loss, retransmissions, and latency spikes occur, which can be observed using diagnostic tools such as ping tests, traceroutes, or network monitoring utilities. Monitoring these indicators helps confirm the nature of the issue and provides quantitative evidence to guide the resolution. Proper diagnosis also prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated components, which not only saves costs but also reduces downtime and preserves system reliability. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes the importance of understanding both hardware and software interactions in network troubleshooting, and this scenario exemplifies the need for that knowledge.
Once the NIC or driver problem is identified, corrective actions restore stability. A faulty NIC requires replacement, either by installing a new internal card or using an external adapter. Driver conflicts are resolved by updating, reinstalling, or configuring the driver correctly, sometimes requiring adjustments in system settings to eliminate interference with other hardware or software. Following remediation, testing under normal operating conditions ensures that the issue is fully resolved. Documenting the process, including tests performed, observations made, and corrective actions taken, supports long-term maintenance, provides reference for future troubleshooting, and aligns with IT best practices.
Preventive measures are also important for avoiding recurrence of similar issues. Maintaining up-to-date drivers, performing routine hardware inspections, ensuring adequate system cooling, and periodically checking network performance can detect early signs of NIC degradation or software conflicts. Educating users to report network anomalies promptly helps IT staff address minor issues before they escalate into prolonged downtime. A comprehensive approach that combines hardware evaluation, driver management, environmental awareness, and network diagnostics ensures long-term reliability and aligns closely with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives.
In addition to hardware and driver issues, it is important to understand how the operating system interacts with network hardware. Modern operating systems employ complex network stacks that manage packet flow, error handling, connection persistence, and protocol negotiation. These layers include the transport layer, Internet layer, and link layer, which collectively ensure reliable communication. When a NIC or its driver malfunctions, inconsistencies in these layers can manifest as intermittent connectivity, slow throughput, or high latency. For example, TCP retransmissions may occur when packets are dropped due to NIC hardware faults, causing applications that rely on continuous data streams to experience temporary interruptions. Similarly, operating system components such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) or DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) can experience timeouts or delays if the NIC is not functioning reliably. These software-level symptoms further underscore the importance of considering both hardware and driver interactions when troubleshooting intermittent network issues.
User behavior and system workload also play a role in how NIC-related issues manifest. High CPU or memory usage, running multiple network-intensive applications simultaneously, or connecting to large file shares can increase the network load and reveal intermittent NIC or driver problems that might not appear under light usage. By observing the desktop during typical user activity, a technician can identify patterns that correlate with connectivity failures. For example, disconnections may occur when large files are transferred or during video conferencing sessions, which stresses both the NIC and driver software. Such observations can help pinpoint whether the issue is purely hardware, driver-related, or influenced by system load, enabling a more accurate and efficient resolution.
Diagnostic tools provide further insight into the root cause of intermittent network issues. Simple tests, such as continuous pinging to the local gateway or an external server, can detect packet loss patterns and response time variability. Network monitoring tools can generate graphs of throughput, latency, and error rates over time, offering a visual representation of when failures occur. Event logs maintained by the operating system or NIC management software may record error codes, disconnection events, or driver-related warnings.