CompTIA 220-1201 CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 1 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 9 Q121-135
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Question121
A laptop fails to charge its battery even though the AC adapter is connected, the power outlet is functional, and the battery is not physically damaged. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty DC jack or charging circuit
B) Outdated graphics driver
C) Incorrect network settings
D) Loose keyboard connection
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop fails to charge despite a functional AC adapter, a working outlet, and an intact battery, the issue is most likely related to power delivery within the laptop. Option A, a faulty DC jack or internal charging circuit, is the primary suspect. The DC jack serves as the interface between the external power adapter and the internal charging circuitry. Over time, repeated plugging and unplugging, mechanical stress, or internal component wear can damage the jack or circuit, preventing the battery from receiving power. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating hardware components associated with power delivery during troubleshooting mobile device issues.
Technicians can inspect the DC jack for visible damage or looseness and test voltage output with a multimeter. Additionally, some laptops feature internal fuses or charge controllers that regulate voltage and current to the battery; failure in these components can also inhibit charging. Testing the AC adapter on another compatible laptop or using a known-good adapter helps confirm whether the adapter or the laptop’s internal circuitry is at fault. Correct diagnosis ensures that unnecessary battery replacement is avoided, reducing repair costs.
Option B, outdated graphics drivers, may affect visual output but cannot influence charging behavior.
Option C, incorrect network settings, affects connectivity and software-related operations, but has no impact on power delivery.
Option D, a loose keyboard connection, only affects input functions and does not influence battery charging.
Resolution involves inspecting and repairing or replacing the DC jack and charging circuitry, ensuring stable voltage delivery to the battery. Understanding power pathways, connectors, and control components is essential for accurate troubleshooting and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives. Correct diagnosis restores charging functionality, prevents component damage, and ensures the laptop can operate reliably both on battery and external power.
Question122
A desktop PC exhibits slow performance when accessing large files on a network share, while local drives perform normally. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Network bandwidth congestion or faulty NIC
B) Fragmented internal hard drive
C) Outdated display driver
D) Insufficient RAM
Answer: A
Explanation:
When performance issues occur only during network file access, the problem is likely related to network infrastructure or the network interface controller (NIC). Option A, network bandwidth congestion or a faulty NIC, is the most probable cause. Network congestion can occur due to excessive traffic on switches, routers, or other network devices. A faulty NIC may result in packet loss, retransmissions, or reduced throughput, significantly impacting performance when accessing large files. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes assessing network connectivity and device health when troubleshooting performance issues.
Technicians can diagnose network problems by checking cable integrity, testing network speed with utilities, and examining error statistics in the NIC properties. Swapping the NIC or connecting to a different switch port may confirm whether the issue is device-specific. Monitoring network traffic to identify bottlenecks or bandwidth saturation is critical. Resolving network congestion often involves optimizing router/switch configurations, implementing Quality of Service (QoS), or upgrading network infrastructure to handle higher data loads efficiently.
Option B, a fragmented internal drive, affects local storage performance and does not explain slow network file access.
Option C, outdated display drivers, may reduce graphical performance but have no effect on file transfer rates over a network.
Option D, insufficient RAM, can slow operations if the system relies heavily on paging; however, if local drives perform normally, RAM is unlikely to be the primary cause.
Resolution involves testing network hardware, monitoring traffic, and optimizing network paths. Correctly identifying whether the NIC or network congestion is responsible restores file transfer performance and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives. Understanding the interplay between network devices, bandwidth limitations, and system configuration ensures accurate troubleshooting, prevents unnecessary hardware replacement, and maintains optimal operational efficiency.
Question123
A laptop intermittently loses connection to Wi-Fi networks while other devices function normally. The wireless adapter is enabled, and drivers are current. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Power management settings disabling the wireless adapter
B) Faulty Ethernet cable
C) Outdated display driver
D) Incorrect monitor settings
Answer: A
Explanation:
Intermittent Wi-Fi connectivity issues on a single device usually originate from power management or adapter configuration. Option A, power management settings disabling the wireless adapter, is the most likely cause. Operating systems implement energy-saving features that reduce power to idle devices, including the wireless adapter, to prolong battery life. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes examining software and power management as part of wireless troubleshooting.
Technicians can resolve this by checking the wireless adapter properties in Device Manager and disabling options such as “Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power.” Adjusting the laptop’s power plan to a balanced or high-performance profile ensures consistent adapter operation. Monitoring background applications that trigger frequent network scans or reconnects also helps stabilize connectivity.
Option B, a faulty Ethernet cable, does not affect wireless functionality.
Option C, outdated display drivers, may cause visual issues but not network connectivity problems.
Option D, incorrect monitor settings, only influences the display and cannot prevent Wi-Fi access.
Resolution involves adjusting power management, monitoring connectivity stability, and verifying driver settings. Properly managing the interaction between OS power features and wireless hardware restores reliable network access and meets CompTIA 220-1201 standards for mobile device troubleshooting. Accurate diagnosis avoids unnecessary hardware replacements and ensures efficient, uninterrupted network use.
Question124
A laptop screen flickers intermittently when the lid is moved, while external monitors function normally and drivers are up to date. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty display cable or hinge connection
B) Outdated operating system
C) Low battery power
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
Screen flickering that coincides with lid movement is indicative of a mechanical connection problem. Option A, a faulty display cable or hinge connection, is the most likely cause. Laptops use flexible ribbon cables routed through hinges to connect the motherboard to the display panel. Repeated opening and closing of the lid can strain these cables, resulting in intermittent electrical contact, fraying, or damage. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes differentiating hardware faults from software issues when troubleshooting display problems.
Technicians can observe the flicker pattern while adjusting the lid to confirm correlation with hinge angles. Inspecting the hinge and display cable for visible wear, fraying, or looseness helps identify the problem. Resolution often requires replacing the display cable, performing hinge maintenance, or ensuring secure motherboard-to-panel connections. Proper handling and routine maintenance reduce cable strain and extend display lifespan.
Option B, an outdated OS, may produce software glitches but is unlikely to cause motion-dependent flicker.
Option C, low battery power, affects brightness but does not cause flickering associated with lid movement.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, influences connectivity and has no impact on display behavior.
Resolution includes repairing or replacing the display cable and maintaining hinge integrity. Addressing mechanical faults restores stable screen operation and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile device troubleshooting. Understanding physical connections and hinge mechanics ensures accurate diagnosis and prevents unnecessary software troubleshooting or component replacement.
Question125
A desktop PC intermittently loses network connectivity while other devices on the same network function normally. The network cable is securely connected, and drivers are up to date. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty NIC or driver conflict
B) Outdated display driver
C) Incorrect monitor settings
D) Low battery backup
Answer: A
Explanation:
Intermittent network connectivity affecting a single desktop points to issues with the network interface. Option A, a faulty NIC or driver conflict, is the most probable cause. Network cards may develop intermittent faults due to hardware defects, overheating, or physical damage. Driver conflicts, especially after system updates or software installations, can also disrupt connectivity. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating both hardware and software components when troubleshooting network issues.
Technicians can test connectivity using another network interface, replacing the NIC, or performing a driver rollback to confirm the source of the problem. Cable testing ensures the physical link is intact, and checking switch port behavior can help rule out upstream network issues. Resolving driver conflicts, updating firmware, or replacing the NIC restores reliable connectivity.
Option B, outdated display driver, impacts graphics but not network communication.
Option C, incorrect monitor settings, affects display and has no impact on network performance.
Option D, low battery backup, may cause temporary shutdowns in UPS-dependent systems but does not directly affect network reliability if the system remains powered.
Resolution involves testing the NIC, evaluating driver integrity, and verifying cable and port functionality. Correctly identifying hardware versus driver issues restores stable network operation and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop networking troubleshooting. Understanding NIC functionality, driver interactions, and hardware diagnostics ensures accurate resolution without unnecessary replacement of unrelated components.
Question126
A laptop powers on and functions normally when plugged into AC power but shuts down immediately when operating on battery, even though the battery is fully charged. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty battery or internal battery circuit
B) Outdated display driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Incorrect BIOS configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop operates correctly on AC power but fails immediately on battery, the issue is typically related to the battery itself or the internal battery circuitry. Option A, a faulty battery or internal battery circuit, is the most probable cause. Even if the battery appears fully charged, its capacity may be significantly reduced due to age, wear, or internal defects, preventing it from sustaining power when AC is disconnected. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating the battery and associated circuitry as a critical step in mobile device troubleshooting.
Modern batteries contain embedded circuitry to monitor voltage, current, and temperature. If these circuits fail or detect a defect, they may prevent the battery from supplying power to the system. A failing battery may also cause voltage drops under load, triggering immediate shutdowns to protect internal components. Technicians can diagnose battery health using built-in diagnostics, third-party software, or a multimeter to measure voltage under load. Additionally, verifying that the battery contacts are clean and secure ensures proper connection.
Option B, an outdated display driver, may cause visual anomalies but does not affect the ability to draw power from the battery.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, impacts input functionality but does not influence system power.
Option D, incorrect BIOS configuration, could theoretically affect power management, but in most modern laptops, BIOS defaults or fail-safes prevent complete battery shutdown unless hardware faults exist.
Resolution involves testing the battery, examining internal charging circuits, and replacing the battery if defective. Understanding battery behavior, internal monitoring circuits, and power delivery mechanisms ensures accurate diagnosis and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives. Properly addressing battery issues restores mobile device portability, prevents unnecessary component replacements, and maintains reliable operation both on battery and AC power.
Question127
A desktop PC intermittently freezes and reboots when running graphics-intensive applications. The system passes POST with no errors, and temperatures are within normal ranges. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty GPU or insufficient power supply
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated network driver
D) Low hard drive capacity
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a system freezes and reboots under high GPU load but operates normally otherwise, the issue is usually related to graphics hardware or power delivery. Option A, a faulty GPU or insufficient power supply, is the most likely cause. Graphics-intensive applications place significant demands on the GPU and associated power circuits. If the GPU has defective memory, a failing processor core, or suffers from poor solder connections, the system may crash under load. Similarly, if the PSU cannot supply adequate current to the GPU, voltage drops can trigger system instability. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes considering both component health and power integrity during hardware troubleshooting.
Technicians can test GPU functionality using stress testing utilities, monitor power draw, and check PSU specifications against GPU requirements. Swapping in a known-good GPU or PSU can isolate the fault. Proper cooling and ensuring stable power delivery are essential for consistent performance. Diagnosing intermittent GPU or PSU issues requires systematic observation and testing under varying loads.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, might cause input errors but cannot induce graphics-related system reboots.
Option C, an outdated network driver, may affect connectivity but has no impact on GPU load stability.
Option D, low hard drive capacity, might slow system responsiveness but does not cause crashes under graphics stress if the operating system has sufficient virtual memory and storage for operations.
Resolution involves testing the GPU, confirming PSU adequacy, and verifying that all power connectors are secure. Addressing these issues restores system stability under load, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop troubleshooting, and prevents unnecessary component replacement. Understanding GPU power requirements, PSU specifications, and stress-related failure symptoms ensures accurate diagnosis and resolution.
Question128
A laptop screen remains blank after booting, but the device powers on, fans run, and external monitors display correctly. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty internal display cable or LCD panel
B) Outdated display driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop powers on fully but the internal screen remains blank, while external monitors function normally, the issue is almost always hardware-related. Option A, a faulty internal display cable or LCD panel, is the most likely cause. The internal display receives signals through a flexible ribbon cable that connects the motherboard to the screen. Mechanical stress from repeated opening and closing of the lid, or wear over time, can damage this cable or the LCD panel itself. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes differentiating between internal hardware faults and external peripherals when troubleshooting mobile displays.
Technicians can test the screen by connecting an external monitor. Since external displays function correctly in this scenario, the issue is isolated to the internal display pathway. Inspecting the display cable, hinge routing, and panel connectors can reveal damage or loose connections. Replacing the cable or panel typically restores internal display functionality. Understanding display signal flow, cable integrity, and panel operation is critical for accurate diagnosis.
Option B, an outdated display driver, may cause visual anomalies but cannot prevent a fully powered screen from showing output.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, affects input but does not interfere with the display signal.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, has no impact on the display.
Resolution involves replacing or repairing the internal display cable or LCD panel, ensuring secure connections, and testing the display after reassembly. Accurate diagnosis and repair restore laptop screen functionality and align with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, preventing unnecessary replacement of other components and maintaining operational reliability.
Question129
A desktop PC emits a continuous beep during POST and fails to display video. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) RAM failure or improperly seated memory modules
B) Faulty keyboard
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Incorrect monitor settings
Answer: A
Explanation:
A continuous beep during POST, combined with no video output, usually indicates memory-related issues. Option A, RAM failure or improperly seated memory modules, is the most probable cause. The motherboard uses beep codes to communicate hardware failures before the operating system loads. Faulty RAM or modules not seated correctly can prevent the system from initializing the memory controller, resulting in a failure to POST. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes verifying physical memory installation and functionality during desktop troubleshooting.
Technicians can remove and reseat the RAM modules, test them individually, or replace them with known-good modules to isolate the fault. Inspecting the memory slots for debris or damage ensures proper electrical contact. Using system diagnostic tools or memory testing utilities helps confirm module integrity. Understanding how the system detects memory and interprets failure codes is essential for effective troubleshooting.
Option B, a faulty keyboard, might produce input errors but does not prevent POST in most modern systems.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, cannot affect the POST process as drivers load only after the OS begins execution.
Option D, incorrect monitor settings, does not prevent the motherboard from initializing hardware or generating beep codes.
Resolution involves diagnosing memory hardware, reseating or replacing faulty RAM, and verifying POST completion. Accurate memory troubleshooting restores system startup functionality, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated components. Understanding memory behavior, slot integrity, and beep code interpretation ensures effective and precise resolution.
Question130
A laptop intermittently shuts down when placed on a soft surface, such as a bed, but operates normally on a hard, flat surface. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Overheating due to blocked ventilation
B) Loose keyboard connection
C) Outdated operating system
D) Incorrect network configuration
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop shuts down on soft surfaces but operates normally on hard, flat surfaces, overheating is usually the underlying cause. Option A, blocked ventilation leading to thermal shutdown, is the most likely explanation. Laptops rely on unobstructed airflow through vents to dissipate heat from critical components such as the CPU and GPU. Soft surfaces like beds or couches obstruct these vents, causing rapid heat buildup. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights assessing thermal management and ventilation as a key step in troubleshooting mobile device stability.
Modern laptops include temperature sensors and automatic shutdown protocols to prevent damage. When airflow is blocked, even brief exposure can trigger an immediate shutdown. Technicians can verify the issue by observing system temperature under different conditions and ensuring vents are unobstructed. Cooling system maintenance, including cleaning dust from fans and heat sinks and applying thermal paste if needed, ensures proper heat dissipation. Educating users about safe laptop placement and avoiding soft surfaces reduces overheating risks and extends component lifespan.
Option B, a loose keyboard connection, does not affect system stability in response to surface placement.
Option C, an outdated operating system, may cause software-related slowdowns but does not trigger physical thermal shutdowns.
Option D, incorrect network configuration, influences connectivity but has no impact on thermal behavior.
Resolution involves inspecting and maintaining cooling systems, ensuring unobstructed airflow, and educating users on proper usage. Proper thermal management restores reliable operation and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives. Understanding heat generation, airflow dynamics, and hardware safeguards ensures accurate diagnosis and prevents hardware damage or premature component failure.
Question131
A desktop PC fails to recognize newly installed storage drives, even though the drives are functional in another system. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Incorrect BIOS/UEFI configuration
B) Outdated display driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Faulty network cable
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a desktop PC does not detect newly installed storage drives, but those drives are functional on other systems, the issue is usually related to firmware or configuration. Option A, incorrect BIOS/UEFI configuration, is the most likely cause. BIOS or UEFI settings control the initialization and detection of storage devices during system boot. Modern motherboards include options for SATA mode selection (AHCI, IDE, RAID), enabling or disabling specific ports, and configuring hot-swap capabilities. If these settings are incorrect, the drives may not be recognized even though they are physically and electrically functional. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes the importance of understanding firmware-level configuration for storage troubleshooting.
Technicians can access the BIOS/UEFI setup to verify that the storage controller is enabled, SATA mode matches the drive type, and the port assignment is correct. Additionally, updating the BIOS/UEFI firmware can resolve compatibility issues with newer drives. Connections should be verified for proper seating of SATA or NVMe drives. Accurate diagnosis prevents unnecessary replacement of storage devices and ensures optimal system performance.
Option B, an outdated display driver, only affects graphics output and cannot prevent the detection of storage devices.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, affects input functionality but is unrelated to storage detection.
Option D, a faulty network cable, impacts network connectivity and does not influence local storage recognition.
Resolution involves reviewing and correcting BIOS/UEFI settings, verifying drive connections, and ensuring firmware compatibility. Properly configuring the motherboard ensures new drives are detected, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for hardware installation and troubleshooting, and prevents unnecessary hardware replacement. Understanding firmware-level settings, storage controller operation, and port configurations is critical for accurate diagnostics.
Question132
A laptop is unable to connect to enterprise Wi-Fi networks but connects to personal hotspots without issue. Drivers and certificates are up to date. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Incorrect enterprise security settings or authentication protocol
B) Faulty Ethernet cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low battery power
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a laptop connects to personal Wi-Fi networks but fails on enterprise networks, the issue is often related to authentication or security configuration. Option A, incorrect enterprise security settings or authentication protocol, is the most probable cause. Enterprise networks often require specific settings, such as WPA2-Enterprise, PEAP, EAP-TLS, or certificates issued by a corporate server. If the laptop is configured incorrectly, it cannot complete authentication even though the wireless adapter and drivers are functional. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights the need to understand enterprise network protocols and authentication methods when troubleshooting wireless connectivity.
Technicians can verify that the correct SSID, authentication method, and user credentials are applied. Enterprise certificates must be properly installed, and any cached credentials removed. Wireless profiles can be reset to ensure default configuration and prevent conflicts. Testing connectivity on another enterprise laptop confirms network-side configuration.
Option B, a faulty Ethernet cable, is irrelevant to wireless network issues.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, does not affect network authentication.
Option D, low battery power, may influence adapter power-saving features but is unlikely if the laptop operates normally on hotspots.
Resolution involves correcting security protocol settings, ensuring certificates are valid and installed, and verifying credentials. Proper configuration restores enterprise network connectivity and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile networking. Understanding authentication mechanisms, encryption types, and wireless profiles ensures accurate troubleshooting and prevents unnecessary hardware replacement.
Question133
A desktop PC experiences random shutdowns during normal usage without error messages. The system has adequate cooling, and temperatures are within normal range. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Failing power supply or unstable voltage
B) Outdated display driver
C) Loose keyboard connection
D) Incorrect monitor settings
Answer: A
Explanation:
Random shutdowns under normal operation, with temperatures in the safe range, indicate a possible power delivery issue. Option A, a failing power supply or unstable voltage, is the most likely cause. The PSU provides consistent voltages to all components; if it cannot maintain stable outputs, especially under load, the system may suddenly lose power. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes assessing power supply functionality as part of desktop troubleshooting, particularly when thermal or hardware faults are ruled out.
Technicians can measure output voltages using a multimeter or PSU tester to verify stability across 3.3V, 5V, and 12V rails. A failing PSU may deliver correct voltages under no-load conditions but collapse under moderate to high load, explaining intermittent shutdowns. Replacing the PSU with a known-good unit often resolves the problem. Ensuring all power connectors to the motherboard, GPU, and storage devices are secure further improves stability.
Option B, an outdated display driver, may affect graphics rendering but cannot cause system-wide shutdowns.
Option C, a loose keyboard connection, affects input but does not impact power delivery.
Option D, incorrect monitor settings, only affects display output and cannot trigger a system shutdown.
Resolution involves testing and replacing the PSU if necessary and confirming secure connections. Correct diagnosis restores system stability, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives, and prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated components. Understanding PSU operation, load behavior, and voltage regulation is critical for accurate troubleshooting.
Question134
A laptop screen displays distorted colors only on the internal display, while an external monitor functions normally. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty LCD panel or internal video cable
B) Outdated graphics driver
C) Incorrect network configuration
D) Loose keyboard connection
Answer: A
Explanation:
When color distortion appears solely on the internal display, hardware issues are usually responsible. Option A, a faulty LCD panel or internal video cable, is the most likely cause. Ribbon cables transmitting video signals can develop partial connectivity issues, resulting in color distortion, dead pixels, or artifacts. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes evaluating physical display connections and panel health during mobile device troubleshooting.
Technicians can verify the problem by connecting an external monitor. Since the external display works correctly, the GPU and drivers are likely functional, isolating the fault to the internal display. Visual inspection of the cable, hinges, and connectors can reveal damage. Replacing the cable or the LCD panel restores correct color output. Understanding the pathway of video signals, connector integrity, and panel operation is critical to accurate troubleshooting.
Option B, an outdated graphics driver, could cause color anomalies system-wide, including external monitors, making it less likely in this scenario.
Option C, incorrect network configuration, affects connectivity but cannot produce display-specific color distortion.
Option D, a loose keyboard connection, impacts input and has no effect on video signals.
Resolution involves repairing or replacing the internal video cable or LCD panel and ensuring secure connections. Proper maintenance and handling prevent cable strain and panel damage. Accurate hardware diagnosis restores visual fidelity and aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for mobile device troubleshooting.
Question135
A desktop PC connected to a wired network intermittently loses connectivity while all other devices on the network function normally. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A) Faulty network interface card (NIC) or driver conflict
B) Loose monitor cable
C) Outdated graphics driver
D) Low UPS battery
Answer: A
Explanation:
Intermittent wired network issues affecting only a single desktop indicate a client-side problem. Option A, a faulty NIC or driver conflict, is the most probable cause. NICs can develop electrical faults or experience driver-related instability, causing packet loss, disconnections, or performance degradation. CompTIA 220-1201 highlights the importance of evaluating both hardware and software components when troubleshooting network connectivity issues.
Technicians can test connectivity by replacing the NIC or reinstalling drivers. Examining cable integrity and switch port behavior ensures the problem is isolated to the desktop. NICs with hardware defects may exhibit intermittent failures, particularly under varying network loads. Driver conflicts, particularly following updates or system changes, can also produce sporadic connectivity loss. Proper resolution involves hardware replacement or driver correction, restoring reliable network access.
Option B, a loose monitor cable, only affects display and has no impact on network connectivity.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, may affect video performance but does not impact wired network functionality.
Option D, a low UPS battery, may affect system uptime during power events but does not produce intermittent connectivity if the system remains powered.
Resolution involves testing the NIC, verifying driver integrity, and confirming cable and switch port function. Correctly identifying hardware versus software causes restores stable network operation, aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop troubleshooting, and prevents unnecessary replacement of unrelated components. Understanding NIC function, driver behavior, and network diagnostics is essential for accurate troubleshooting and long-term reliability.
Intermittent wired network issues that affect only a single desktop are classic indicators of a client-side problem rather than a network-wide failure. To systematically approach this, it is essential to understand both the hardware and software components involved in network connectivity. The NIC, or network interface card, is the primary hardware component responsible for connecting a computer to a wired network. It handles the sending and receiving of data packets, manages link speed and duplex settings, and communicates with the operating system via its device driver.
Option A, a faulty NIC or a driver conflict, is the most likely cause in this scenario. Hardware faults in NICs may develop over time due to electrical stress, overheating, or manufacturing defects. Such faults often manifest intermittently, appearing under specific network loads or during prolonged usage. For instance, a NIC may function correctly when the desktop is idle but fail when multiple applications demand high network throughput, resulting in sporadic packet loss or dropped connections. Additionally, driver conflicts can arise when updates to the operating system or other software create incompatibilities with existing NIC drivers. Driver conflicts can manifest as network instability, random disconnects, or incorrect network configuration reporting.
A technician troubleshooting this issue would follow a structured approach to isolate the cause. First, the technician should verify that the problem is indeed specific to the desktop. This can be done by checking whether other devices connected to the same switch or router experience the same issue. If other devices function correctly, it confirms that the network infrastructure, such as cabling, switches, and routers, is not the source of the problem. This step is crucial because it ensures that the troubleshooting effort focuses on the correct system and prevents unnecessary replacement of network equipment that is functioning properly.
Once the issue is confirmed as desktop-specific, the NIC should be evaluated. Physical inspection of the NIC can reveal signs of damage, such as burnt components, bent pins in the case of PCIe or PCI cards, or corrosion on solder points. However, not all hardware faults are visible; intermittent faults may be caused by internal component degradation that is not externally evident. Therefore, testing with a replacement NIC or using an alternate network adapter, such as a USB Ethernet adapter, can provide a definitive assessment. If the replacement resolves the issue, it confirms that the original NIC is faulty and requires replacement.
Driver issues are equally important to consider. Network drivers serve as the interface between the operating system and the NIC hardware, translating system calls into hardware instructions. Corrupt or outdated drivers, or drivers incompatible with recent OS updates, can lead to erratic network behavior. Technicians can resolve driver conflicts by uninstalling the current driver, clearing residual configuration files, and reinstalling the latest manufacturer-approved driver. Operating system tools, such as Device Manager in Windows or similar utilities in other platforms, allow for verification of driver status, detection of conflicts, and driver updates. Additionally, enabling logging or diagnostic tools can reveal network errors, timeouts, and dropped packets, further confirming driver-related issues.
While Option A represents the correct cause, it is important to analyze why the other options are incorrect. Option B, a loose monitor cable, would only affect the display output. Physical display issues do not impact the NIC or network performance. Therefore, while a loose monitor cable may distract a user or appear as an unrelated issue during troubleshooting, it cannot explain intermittent network connectivity problems. Ignoring the NIC and mistakenly replacing display cables would lead to wasted effort and unresolved network issues.
Option C, an outdated graphics driver, primarily affects video rendering and display output. While a poorly performing graphics driver may cause screen flickering, reduced video performance, or software crashes related to graphical tasks, it has no impact on wired network operation. The separation between graphics processing and network communication ensures that network functionality remains unaffected by GPU or graphics driver issues. Therefore, even if the desktop’s graphics driver is outdated, it would not produce packet loss, dropped connections, or intermittent network failures observed in this scenario.
Option D, a low UPS battery, might affect overall system uptime during power events or fluctuations. A UPS with a failing battery can cause sudden shutdowns or brownouts when mains power is interrupted. However, as long as the desktop remains powered, a low UPS battery does not cause network disconnections or intermittent failures. While a completely discharged UPS could shut down the system abruptly, the scenario specifies that the desktop is powered on but experiencing sporadic connectivity issues, which eliminates the UPS battery as the primary cause.
Resolution requires a methodical troubleshooting process that aligns with CompTIA 220-1201 objectives for desktop troubleshooting. The first step involves isolating the desktop from the network and verifying that other devices function normally. The next step is to inspect the NIC physically and verify its connection to the motherboard or slot. Replacing the NIC or connecting an external adapter can confirm whether the issue is hardware-related. If the hardware appears functional, attention shifts to the software layer. Reinstalling the NIC driver or updating it to the latest manufacturer-supported version often resolves driver conflicts. Finally, testing the desktop under typical network loads verifies that the connectivity issues have been resolved.
In addition to direct hardware and driver testing, other preventive measures ensure long-term stability. Verifying that the network switch ports and cabling are functional ensures that the NIC is evaluated in a proper environment. Even if the desktop-specific problem originates from the NIC, poor-quality cabling, loose connections, or faulty switch ports can exacerbate the issue. Conducting network diagnostics, such as ping tests, traceroutes, or monitoring tools, can identify packet loss, latency spikes, or inconsistent throughput. These tests provide quantitative data that confirms whether the NIC or its drivers are responsible.
Technicians should also consider environmental and usage factors. Overheating within the desktop chassis, electrical interference, or high CPU usage can affect NIC performance indirectly. Modern NICs integrate sophisticated error-checking and offloading features, and a compromised system environment may trigger intermittent failures. Regular maintenance, including dust removal, thermal management, and system updates, ensures optimal hardware function.
Understanding the role of NICs and drivers is fundamental to desktop troubleshooting. NICs convert data into electrical signals transmitted over twisted-pair cables or fiber optics. They maintain communication using protocols like Ethernet, which includes error detection and flow control mechanisms. Drivers bridge the hardware-software interface, ensuring the operating system can configure IP addresses, manage packet queues, and handle interrupts. Problems at either layer—hardware or driver—manifest as intermittent connectivity, dropped packets, or varying throughput. A technician trained in CompTIA 220-1201 principles will consider both layers, use diagnostic tools to distinguish between them, and apply structured problem-solving techniques to restore reliable connectivity.
Additionally, documenting the troubleshooting process provides long-term benefits. Recording observed behavior, tests performed, and resolutions applied helps in future incidents and supports organizational knowledge management. It also ensures compliance with IT standards and avoids repeating unnecessary steps. Technicians can use logs from the operating system, NIC diagnostics, and network monitoring tools to create comprehensive records.
Finally, understanding client-side versus network-side problems is crucial. Many connectivity issues are incorrectly attributed to ISP or network infrastructure when the root cause is a failing NIC or driver. Proper diagnosis prevents unnecessary escalation, reduces downtime, and enhances user satisfaction. CompTIA 220-1201 emphasizes methodical troubleshooting, combining observational skills, diagnostic testing, and corrective actions to resolve hardware and software issues effectively. By focusing on the NIC and driver first, the technician addresses the most probable cause while eliminating less likely explanations such as display issues, graphics drivers, or UPS battery states.
Beyond direct NIC hardware and driver considerations, it is also important to understand the broader network environment in which the desktop operates. Even though other devices on the same network function normally, subtle interactions with network protocols can exacerbate client-specific problems. For example, if the desktop uses features like jumbo frames, VLAN tagging, or advanced power-saving settings on the NIC, misconfigurations or partial hardware support can trigger intermittent connectivity. In such cases, reviewing NIC settings through the operating system interface or manufacturer utility can reveal discrepancies between expected and actual behavior. Adjusting settings to standard defaults often eliminates sporadic failures, particularly when combined with updated drivers and verified cabling.
Another dimension to consider is the operating system’s networking stack. Operating systems maintain multiple layers for handling network traffic, including ARP resolution, TCP/IP stack, and DNS resolution. Driver conflicts or corrupted stack components can interfere with normal NIC operation, leading to dropped connections or slow, unreliable communication. Techniques such as resetting the network stack, flushing DNS caches, or reinstalling the NIC driver ensure that both the hardware and software layers operate harmoniously. These measures complement physical testing, ensuring a holistic resolution.
Preventive strategies are equally critical. Ensuring NIC firmware and drivers remain updated, monitoring system logs for error patterns, and performing routine network performance checks can identify early signs of degradation before intermittent failures occur. Additionally, maintaining a clean, well-ventilated system chassis reduces thermal stress on the NIC, which is particularly important in desktops with high CPU or GPU usage that can generate significant heat near expansion cards. Implementing these proactive measures not only resolves the current problem but also enhances overall network reliability and aligns with best practices emphasized in CompTIA 220-1201.