Microsoft MS-900 Microsoft 365 Fundamentals Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 5 Q61-75
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Question61
A global pharmaceutical company wants to allow secure collaboration between its research teams and external contract laboratories. The company requires that external users only access shared resources, that device compliance is enforced, and that access can be revoked centrally. Which Microsoft 365 solution best meets these requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with Conditional Access and access reviews
B) Anonymous sharing via SharePoint Online
C) Sharing files via unsecured email attachments
D) VPN access to internal network for external users
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The pharmaceutical company operates in a highly regulated environment where research data, clinical trial results, and intellectual property must be protected. Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration allows external contract laboratories to authenticate using their existing credentials without creating new accounts, reducing operational overhead while maintaining security. Conditional Access enables the organization to enforce policies based on device compliance, location, and user risk, ensuring that only authorized, compliant devices can access sensitive resources. Access reviews allow periodic auditing and revocation of external user access, ensuring that permissions are always up to date and aligned with regulatory requirements.
Option B, anonymous sharing via SharePoint Online, exposes sensitive data to uncontrolled access. There is no ability to enforce conditional access, device compliance, or audit usage, which is unsuitable for sensitive pharmaceutical research.
Option C, unsecured email attachments, is highly inefficient and risky. Files can be forwarded, intercepted, or stored insecurely, increasing the likelihood of accidental or malicious data exposure.
Option D, VPN access for external users, provides broad network-level access rather than resource-specific access. It does not enforce device compliance, adaptive access, or central revocation of permissions.
Option A provides a cloud-native solution integrating identity management, device compliance, risk-based access, and central control of external user permissions. It ensures secure, auditable collaboration with external laboratories while maintaining regulatory compliance and protecting sensitive research data.
Question62
A global financial services firm wants to enforce least-privilege access for all employees while supporting role-based delegation for regional offices. Automated provisioning, auditing of access changes, and real-time enforcement of security policies are required. Which Microsoft 365 approach best meets these requirements?
A) Enterprise Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) with standardized roles and delegated administration
B) Regional administrators independently creating custom roles
C) Broad access for all employees to simplify operations
D) Manual assignment and removal of access rights by local administrators
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Enterprise RBAC ensures that each employee receives only the permissions required for their role, adhering to least-privilege principles. Standardized roles prevent privilege sprawl and maintain consistency across regions. Delegated administration allows regional offices to manage local user tasks without global administrative rights, maintaining operational flexibility while preserving security. Automated provisioning and deprovisioning enforce real-time updates to access when employees change roles or leave the organization, reducing errors and ensuring timely enforcement of policies. Real-time auditing of access changes supports compliance with regulations such as SOX, GDPR, or internal governance requirements.
Option B, allowing regional administrators to independently create roles, risks inconsistent permissions, privilege sprawl, and misalignment with corporate policies. This approach complicates auditing and increases the likelihood of unauthorized access.
Option C, providing broad access to all employees, violates least-privilege principles and exposes sensitive financial systems to risk. While it reduces operational friction, it significantly increases potential attack surfaces and regulatory non-compliance.
Option D, manual access management, is error-prone, inefficient, and lacks scalability. Manual processes cannot ensure consistent enforcement of security policies across multiple regions or provide reliable audit logs in real time.
Option A provides a structured, scalable, and auditable access management solution, balancing centralized governance with delegated administration, ensuring operational efficiency while minimizing security risks in a multinational financial environment.
Question63
A multinational healthcare provider wants to enable clinicians to securely access electronic health records (EHRs) and collaboration tools on personal mobile devices. The organization must protect PHI, enforce encryption, prevent data leakage to personal apps, and allow selective wiping of corporate data. Which Microsoft 365 capability best addresses these requirements?
A) Microsoft Intune App Protection Policies (APP)
B) BitLocker full-disk encryption
C) Traditional Active Directory with VPN
D) Local device accounts without centralized management
Answer:
A
Explanation:
In BYOD scenarios, application-level security is critical. Microsoft Intune APP allows organizations to manage corporate data at the application layer, enabling encryption within apps and preventing corporate data from being copied to personal apps. Selective wipe removes corporate data while leaving personal content intact, maintaining user privacy. Conditional Access integrates with Intune APP to restrict access to non-compliant devices, ensuring only secure endpoints access sensitive healthcare information. This approach ensures HIPAA and other regulatory compliance while allowing clinicians operational flexibility to access critical applications on personal devices.
Option B, BitLocker, only encrypts the device and cannot differentiate corporate from personal data. It cannot prevent data leakage between apps or perform selective wipe of corporate content.
Option C, traditional Active Directory with VPN, secures network-level access but does not enforce app-level protection, leaving PHI vulnerable on personal devices.
Option D, unmanaged local device accounts, provide no enforceable policies, auditing, or selective wipe capability, making them unsuitable for sensitive healthcare environments.
Option A ensures comprehensive protection of corporate healthcare data, regulatory compliance, selective wipe capability, and operational flexibility for clinicians using personal mobile devices.
Question64
A multinational law firm wants to implement zero-trust access for Microsoft 365 systems managing confidential client cases. Requirements include continuous risk evaluation, adaptive access based on user and device context, and segmentation of sensitive documents. Which approach best aligns with these requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access with risk-based policies and sensitivity labels
B) On-premises Active Directory with static permissions
C) Local network trusts without adaptive verification
D) Grant broad administrative privileges to all staff
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Zero-trust principles require continuous verification and enforcement of least-privilege access. Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access evaluates user identity, device compliance, session context, and risk signals in real time. Adaptive policies enforce MFA, restrict access based on anomalous activity or location, and block non-compliant devices. Sensitivity labels allow segmentation of sensitive documents, ensuring that only authorized staff access high-risk case files. This approach prevents lateral movement, minimizes the risk of unauthorized access, and maintains compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
Option B, on-premises Active Directory, relies on static permissions and does not provide dynamic, risk-based access enforcement, leaving sensitive case information exposed to threats.
Option C, local network trusts, assumes implicit trust, violates zero-trust principles, and lacks adaptive verification, continuous monitoring, and segmentation capabilities.
Option D, granting broad administrative privileges, violates least-privilege principles and increases the risk of accidental or malicious disclosure of sensitive client data.
Option A integrates adaptive risk-based access, continuous evaluation, device compliance enforcement, and document segmentation, providing a robust zero-trust framework for secure law firm operations.
Question65
A multinational bank wants to implement zero-trust access for Microsoft 365 to protect sensitive financial systems. The bank requires adaptive access based on user risk, device compliance, and continuous monitoring of anomalous activity. Which solution best fulfills these requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access with risk-based policies and continuous monitoring
B) Traditional Active Directory password policies
C) VPN access with static IP restrictions
D) Manual provisioning of local accounts
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Zero-trust security mandates that no user or device is trusted implicitly and that access decisions are continuously evaluated. Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access evaluates user sign-ins in real time, considering user identity, device posture, geolocation, and behavioral anomalies. Risk-based policies enforce adaptive actions such as MFA, blocking high-risk sign-ins, or restricting access from non-compliant devices. Continuous monitoring of anomalous activity enables immediate detection and remediation of suspicious behavior, mitigating potential breaches. This ensures that only verified and compliant users access sensitive banking systems, protecting against credential compromise, insider threats, and lateral movement within the organization.
Option B, traditional Active Directory password policies, only enforce static password controls and cannot provide real-time risk evaluation, adaptive access, or continuous monitoring, leaving sensitive systems vulnerable to compromise.
Option C, VPN with static IP restrictions, provides network-level access only and cannot enforce adaptive, application-level access policies or detect anomalous behavior, offering insufficient protection for sensitive financial data.
Option D, manual local account provisioning, is unscalable, error-prone, and cannot provide continuous verification, monitoring, or adaptive access enforcement, making it unsuitable for a global banking environment.
Option A delivers cloud-native zero-trust access, adaptive risk-based policies, device compliance enforcement, and continuous monitoring, ensuring secure, auditable, and compliant access to sensitive financial systems across multiple regions and devices.
Question66
A multinational insurance corporation is deploying Microsoft 365 across its global workforce. Employees access sensitive customer claims data, actuarial models, and internal risk-management documentation through multiple devices. The company must enforce strict identity verification, apply data classifications automatically, block downloads on unmanaged devices, and ensure that any access anomalies trigger automated responses such as requiring step-up authentication or blocking access. Which Microsoft 365 solution most effectively fulfills these combined requirements?
A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection with Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access and session controls
B) Stand-alone DLP policies without identity governance
C) Device-based firewalls and manual monitoring of user activity
D) Basic MFA enforcement without risk-based controls
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The scenario describes multiple intertwined security, compliance, and adaptive access requirements that exceed what any single Microsoft 365 component can provide on its own. Option A stands out because it integrates classification, identity-based access control, adaptive risk policies, and session-level restrictions. In a global insurance organization, data sensitivity is extremely high: customer claim files, actuarial data, financial projections, and internal regulatory reporting require consistent protection across devices, locations, and applications. Microsoft Purview Information Protection facilitates automatic classification and labeling of data, using machine-learning-based sensitivity detection. This allows the organization to apply consistent policies, such as encryption, restrictions on sharing, watermarking, and auto-labeling based on regulatory requirements relevant to insurance industries such as SOC, ISO, and financial compliance frameworks. Automatic data classification ensures that the controls travel with the data, reducing the risk of a user downloading or forwarding sensitive documents to unauthorized parties.
The other requirement involves the enforcement of identity verification, device posture evaluation, and session restrictions on unmanaged devices. This is where Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access becomes essential. Conditional Access evaluates every sign-in based on contextual identity signals: user identity risk, device compliance, location, real-time threat intelligence, and session risk. Policies can enforce MFA when risk increases, block access entirely, or require session controls through Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps. Session controls include blocking downloads, restricting copy/paste actions, or applying read-only browser-based sessions for unmanaged devices. These measures are critical for protecting sensitive insurance documents when employees use personal laptops or mobile devices.
Automated responses to anomalous behavior form another key requirement. Conditional Access integrates with Microsoft Entra ID Protection, which evaluates user risk and sign-in risk using machine learning. When abnormal activity is detected, such as impossible travel, atypical login patterns, or evidence of credential compromise, the system can trigger an automatic step-up authentication requirement or block access entirely. This minimizes the risk of account takeover, which is particularly important for insurance companies because attackers seek access to customer data for fraud schemes and identity theft.
Option B, stand-alone DLP without identity governance, cannot enforce conditional access, evaluate user risk, or apply session controls. DLP handles data movement but lacks the identity-based context required for holistic protection. Option C, device-based firewalls and manual monitoring, does not scale in cloud environments and cannot enforce granular session restrictions or automated risk responses. Manual monitoring is reactive and insufficient for sensitive cloud workloads. Option D, basic MFA, only addresses authentication—not data classification, device compliance, or anomalous behavior controls. MFA alone does not provide real-time protection when accounts are compromised through token theft or advanced phishing attacks.
Option A is the only integrated solution that satisfies automatic data classification, adaptive identity-based access, device compliance, session restrictions, and automated reactions to risky activity across global cloud and device environments.
Question67
A European retail conglomerate is expanding its cloud footprint and needs to secure Microsoft 365 usage for employees and external vendors. Requirements include enforcing access controls based on device compliance, ensuring that sensitive files can only be shared externally with expiration and restricted permissions, monitoring insider risk indicators, and automating responses when abnormal downloading or data-exfiltration patterns occur. Which Microsoft 365 solution set best satisfies these requirements?
A) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention with Insider Risk Management and Conditional Access
B) Basic SharePoint sharing settings with manual reviews
C) Email-based external approvals without auditing
D) Standard MFA rules without device policies
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The requirements involve data loss prevention, adaptive identity controls, external sharing restrictions, device-based access enforcement, and insider-risk monitoring. Option A is the only combination capable of addressing all these dimensions simultaneously. For a retail conglomerate operating across Europe, the protection of sensitive supply-chain documents, vendor contracts, financial data, and merchandising strategies is critical. Retail operations often involve external vendors, logistics partners, and supply-chain contractors who require limited access to specific Microsoft 365 resources. Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) allows the organization to create policies preventing unauthorized sharing or downloading of sensitive data based on classification or keyword rules. It can block copying to personal storage locations, prevent printing, and enforce rules across Exchange, SharePoint, Teams, and endpoint devices.
External vendor access must be tightly controlled. Through Purview and Conditional Access, the organization can enforce that sensitive data shared with external users must include expiration dates, restricted permissions, and watermarking. Additionally, conditional access can require that external vendors sign in using MFA and access resources only through compliant or managed devices, reducing the risk of data exfiltration from unsecured environments. This is essential for compliance with European data-protection standards such as GDPR.
Insider Risk Management within Purview provides behavioral analytics to monitor unusual activities such as mass file downloads, abnormal access times, data movement to personal cloud storage, or attempted extraction of sensitive documents. These capabilities are critical in retail, where high turnover rates and seasonal staffing increase insider-risk exposure. Insider Risk Management can detect patterns that deviate from normal user behavior and trigger alerts or automated actions, such as blocking access, notifying security teams, or requiring re-authentication.
Conditional Access contributes by ensuring controlled access based on device compliance. Employees and vendors can be required to use managed devices or devices meeting specific operating system and security patch criteria. When an unmanaged or non-compliant device is detected, access can be restricted or forced into web-only read-only modes using session controls.
Option B, basic SharePoint settings and manual reviews, lacks automated detection of insider risk behavior and cannot enforce device-based controls or adaptive access. Manual reviews introduce delays and human error. Option C, email-based approvals, lacks auditing, automation, and enforceable security controls. It cannot enforce expiration dates, session restrictions, or monitoring. Option D, standard MFA, fails to provide device compliance enforcement, DLP, external sharing restrictions, or insider-risk detection. MFA does not protect against internal leaks or sophisticated exfiltration attempts.
Option A meets the full set of layered security requirements: DLP, behavioral monitoring, contextual access enforcement, secure external sharing, and insider-risk detection.
Question68
A global engineering and manufacturing company uses Microsoft 365 to manage intellectual property, CAD files, engineering blueprints, and confidential supplier contracts. They must apply strict data access controls, encrypt sensitive documents automatically, limit access to trusted devices, and ensure that user activities involving sensitive files are continuously monitored for anomalies. They also want real-time session enforcement, such as blocking downloads or preventing cut-and-paste actions when risk increases. Which Microsoft 365 capability most effectively delivers these end-to-end protections?
A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection with Defender for Cloud Apps session controls and Conditional Access
B) Simple SharePoint permissions without classification
C) Traditional file server architecture with manual auditing
D) Password expiration policies combined with basic MFA
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Engineering and manufacturing environments generate highly sensitive intellectual property: patents, design schematics, production workflows, R&D documents, and proprietary data shared with suppliers. This data must be protected across devices, geographies, and collaboration channels. Option A combines three essential components: Microsoft Purview Information Protection for data-level controls, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps for real-time session enforcement, and Conditional Access for adaptive identity-based access controls.
Purview Information Protection enables automatic classification and encryption of sensitive engineering files. Labels can be applied based on file content, metadata, or user actions, enforcing consistent policies such as restricting external sharing, adding encryption, disabling printing, or requiring specific authentication mechanisms. This is essential for engineering teams who handle CAD files and design documents that must remain encrypted even when downloaded or moved externally.
Conditional Access ensures that only secure and compliant devices can access this data. Device posture checks verify operating system versions, patch levels, and endpoint protection status. If a device fails compliance, access can be blocked or restricted. Conditional Access also evaluates session risk and user risk using signals derived from behavioral analytics and threat intelligence.
Defender for Cloud Apps introduces real-time session controls such as blocking downloads, preventing copy/paste actions, or applying read-only browser-based sessions. For example, an engineer accessing CAD files from an unmanaged device or from a high-risk sign-in location can be restricted to web-only read-only mode with disabled downloads. Real-time monitoring ensures that sensitive intellectual property cannot be exfiltrated through risky sessions.
Option B lacks classification, encryption, adaptive controls, or session enforcement. Simple permissions cannot protect data once it is copied or shared. Option C, traditional file servers, cannot enforce dynamic cloud-based monitoring, automatic classification, or real-time session controls. Manual auditing is reactive and insufficient for modern security requirements. Option D, password expiration and MFA, provides basic authentication security but lacks continuous monitoring, data classification, encryption, and session-level control.
Option A provides a unified, identity-aware, data-protective, and context-adaptive approach necessary for protecting valuable engineering and manufacturing intellectual property.
Question69
A large public sector organization requires secure collaboration across departments and with external government agencies. The environment contains regulated data, including legal documents, citizen records, and inter-agency reports. The organization must ensure that only authorized personnel can access sensitive files, enforce automatic classification, prevent data transfer to personal storage, and detect suspicious behaviors such as mass downloads. They also require adaptive identity controls that modify user access in real time based on risk indicators. Which Microsoft 365 solution best satisfies these requirements?
A) Microsoft Purview DLP with Insider Risk Management and Conditional Access risk-based policies
B) Basic SharePoint site permissions with manual oversight
C) VPN-based perimeter security without cloud integration
D) Single MFA requirement for all government employees
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Public sector organizations must comply with strict data-handling policies, protect citizen information, and ensure secure inter-agency collaboration. Option A combines all the necessary layers for protecting regulated government data. Purview DLP enforces rules that prevent sensitive data from leaving approved locations, block transfers to personal storage, prevent copying to USB drives, and ensure compliance with legal and governmental standards. DLP policies can monitor Exchange, SharePoint, Teams, and endpoints to ensure that sensitive content such as citizen records or classified legal documents remain protected across all workflows.
Insider Risk Management plays a crucial role by identifying unusual behaviors, such as abrupt increases in file downloads, accessing atypical document types, logging in at abnormal hours, or attempting to exfiltrate content. These behavioral insights are essential for public sector institutions, where insider threats are often as significant as external threats. Automated alerts and adaptive security responses help security teams mitigate risks early.
Conditional Access risk-based policies provide adaptive identity controls. By evaluating user risk, sign-in risk, device compliance, and session activity, the organization can dynamically apply additional authentication, restrict access, or completely block users when suspicious activity is detected. This ensures that access is continuously evaluated rather than relying on a single authentication point. Conditional Access integrates with Purview and Insider Risk Management to provide a holistic security posture.
Option B, relying on SharePoint permissions alone, lacks automated classification, data-loss prevention, behavioral monitoring, or dynamic access controls. Manual oversight is insufficient for environments dealing with sensitive public sector data. Option C, VPN-based perimeter security, is outdated and does not align with cloud-first collaboration models. It lacks granular controls, identity-based evaluation, and continuous monitoring. Option D, single MFA, is static and does not address data movement restrictions, insider behavior, or adaptive risk-based identity controls.
Option A is the only choice that integrates DLP, insider-risk analytics, and adaptive identity protection needed to protect regulated public sector data.
Question70
A global logistics enterprise relies on Microsoft 365 for managing shipment documentation, fleet-management data, supplier contracts, and internal operational reports. Employees access these resources through mobile devices, laptops, and unmanaged endpoints across ports, warehouses, and transit locations. The enterprise requires continuous identity verification, device compliance checks, automated data classification, detection of abnormal access patterns, and conditional session restrictions such as blocking downloads from high-risk networks. Which Microsoft 365 capability best meets these complex requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access with Purview Information Protection and Defender for Cloud Apps
B) Traditional perimeter firewalls and employee password rotations
C) Basic OneDrive sharing restrictions without identity analytics
D) Local device accounts with decentralized access management
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Logistics enterprises operate in highly distributed and dynamic environments. Employees access sensitive shipping data from airports, ports, remote warehouses, and mobile devices while on the move. This introduces risk from unmanaged networks, untrusted devices, and unpredictable access behavior. Option A delivers all the capabilities required to secure such a complex environment by combining identity-based access controls, automated data protection, and adaptive session enforcement.
Conditional Access ensures that every access request is evaluated using identity risk, device compliance, session context, geolocation, and network security posture. For example, if an employee attempts to access fleet-management data from an unknown location or unsecured Wi-Fi network, Conditional Access can require MFA, restrict access to a web-only session, or block access entirely. Device compliance checks ensure that only endpoints meeting security requirements—updated OS versions, encryption, secure configurations—can access sensitive logistics files.
Purview Information Protection automatically classifies and labels sensitive documents such as shipping manifests, customs documentation, supplier contracts, and internal reports. Data classification ensures that protections follow the data across devices, applications, and collaboration channels. Labels can enforce encryption, restrict external sharing, and block printing or downloading. In dynamic logistics settings where employees frequently use personal devices, auto-classification ensures consistent protection without relying on manual human action.
Defender for Cloud Apps provides real-time session controls, allowing the organization to block downloads or copy-paste actions from unmanaged devices or high-risk networks. This is essential in logistics environments where users connect from ports, warehouses, and transport hubs where devices may connect to unsecured networks. Session monitoring also detects suspicious behavior, such as mass downloads or unusual file access, and can automatically restrict actions during the ongoing session.
Option B, perimeter firewalls and password rotations, is ineffective in cloud environments and cannot evaluate identity risk, enforce compliance, or classify sensitive data. Option C, basic OneDrive restrictions, lacks identity analytics, device compliance enforcement, session controls, and continuous monitoring. Option D, local device accounts, creates fragmented access control, lacks auditability, and provides no adaptive security.
Option A is the only integrated Microsoft 365 solution set providing identity-aware access control, automated data protection, continuous monitoring, and adaptive session enforcement required for securing global logistics operations.
Question71
A multinational energy company is implementing Microsoft 365 to manage operational, environmental, and financial data across multiple regions. Employees require access from mobile devices and laptops in the field, often in remote locations. The company wants to enforce identity verification, device compliance, conditional access based on risk, and automatic classification and protection of sensitive files while ensuring regulatory compliance across different jurisdictions. Which Microsoft 365 solution best meets these requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access combined with Microsoft Purview Information Protection and Intune
B) VPN-based access to on-premises servers without classification
C) Standard password policies with occasional MFA prompts
D) Local device accounts with no centralized governance
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The scenario involves complex, global access requirements with a strong need for data protection and compliance. Employees operate in remote locations and often use mobile devices, which introduces security risks from unmanaged devices and potentially insecure networks. Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access provides real-time, context-aware evaluation of access requests based on user risk, device compliance, location, and session risk. This ensures only authenticated and compliant devices can access critical resources, adapting dynamically to potential threats.
Conditional Access integrates with Microsoft Intune to enforce device compliance policies. Intune ensures that devices meet security requirements, such as having encryption enabled, the latest OS patches applied, and device management enrolled. Devices that fail compliance checks can be blocked from accessing sensitive corporate resources.
Microsoft Purview Information Protection adds a critical layer of data security by automatically classifying sensitive files based on content or metadata. This classification can enforce encryption, access restrictions, or sharing limits to ensure that sensitive operational, financial, or environmental data remains protected wherever it is stored or shared. Labels applied automatically reduce human error, enhance regulatory compliance, and ensure consistent protection across multiple jurisdictions.
Option B, relying on VPN access to on-premises servers, does not provide cloud-native adaptive access control or automatic data classification. While VPN can secure network connections, it cannot monitor risk signals, enforce real-time compliance checks, or prevent unauthorized data sharing. Option C, basic password policies with occasional MFA, is insufficient in a dynamic, mobile-first environment, offering minimal protection against sophisticated threats or non-compliant devices. Option D, using local device accounts, provides no centralized governance, inconsistent enforcement, and no visibility into global access patterns.
Option A is the only approach that integrates identity verification, device compliance, adaptive risk evaluation, and automatic data protection to satisfy the company’s operational and regulatory needs.
Question72
A large healthcare organization is migrating patient records, research data, and clinical trial information to Microsoft 365. Clinicians access these resources from multiple devices, including personal mobile phones. The organization must enforce encryption, prevent data leakage to personal apps, enable selective wipe of corporate data, and maintain compliance with HIPAA and GDPR. Which Microsoft 365 capability best addresses these requirements?
A) Microsoft Intune App Protection Policies (APP)
B) BitLocker full-disk encryption
C) Local accounts without management
D) Manual email-based approvals for access
Answer:
A
Explanation:
In a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) scenario, protecting sensitive healthcare data requires application-level controls rather than device-level only. Microsoft Intune App Protection Policies (APP) enforce security policies directly within corporate-managed applications, including Outlook, Teams, Word, and Excel. APP ensures that corporate data remains encrypted, cannot be copied or moved to personal apps, and can be selectively wiped if needed. This allows clinicians to use personal devices while keeping personal data unaffected and maintaining regulatory compliance.
BitLocker, while providing full-disk encryption, cannot differentiate between personal and corporate data and does not enable selective wiping of corporate content. Local unmanaged accounts offer no enforceable security policies, auditing, or compliance enforcement. Manual email-based approvals are inefficient, prone to errors, and cannot provide automated protection or real-time enforcement.
Intune APP provides layered data protection, access controls, and selective wipe functionality while maintaining user privacy, meeting both HIPAA and GDPR requirements.
Question73
A financial services firm is deploying Microsoft 365 and wants to ensure least-privilege access, automated provisioning, role standardization, and delegated administration for regional offices while maintaining centralized auditing. Which approach best meets these requirements?
A) Enterprise Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) with automated provisioning and delegated administration
B) Regional administrators creating custom roles independently
C) Broad global access for all employees
D) Manual assignment and removal of access by local administrators
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Enterprise RBAC ensures that employees receive only the permissions required for their roles, enforcing the least-privilege principle. Automated provisioning and deprovisioning guarantees real-time updates during onboarding, role changes, or offboarding, reducing risk of over-permissioned accounts. Delegated administration allows regional offices to manage local tasks without gaining global administrative rights, balancing centralized governance with operational flexibility.
Option B risks inconsistent roles, privilege sprawl, and misalignment with corporate policies. Option C violates least-privilege principles and increases exposure of sensitive financial systems. Option D is error-prone, time-consuming, and lacks scalability or real-time auditing.
Option A is the only solution providing structured, scalable, and auditable access management for a multinational enterprise.
Question74
A global bank wants to implement zero-trust access for online banking and internal systems. Requirements include continuous authentication, device posture validation, risk-based adaptive access, and segmentation of sensitive workloads to prevent lateral movement. Which approach aligns best with zero-trust principles?
A) Continuously evaluate identity, device, and session context for each access request
B) Trust internal network traffic and rely on perimeter firewalls
C) Use strong passwords with periodic access reviews
D) Grant wide access after initial MFA
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Zero-trust security assumes no implicit trust, whether users are internal or external. Continuous evaluation of identity, device, and session context ensures each request is dynamically authorized based on risk. Adaptive access policies enforce MFA or restrict access when anomalies are detected, and segmentation isolates sensitive workloads to prevent lateral movement if credentials are compromised.
Option B relies on outdated perimeter security, which cannot prevent lateral attacks. Option C does not provide real-time access control or behavioral risk assessment. Option D fails zero-trust principles by trusting sessions indefinitely after initial authentication.
Option A ensures continuous verification, adaptive enforcement, device compliance, and segmentation, fully implementing zero-trust principles.
Question75
A multinational consulting firm needs secure Microsoft 365 access for employees across multiple regions and devices. Requirements include adaptive access, risk-based authentication, device compliance enforcement, and monitoring for unusual activity to prevent unauthorized access. Which Microsoft 365 capability satisfies these requirements?
A) Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access with risk-based policies and device compliance
B) Traditional Active Directory password policies
C) VPN access with IP restrictions
D) Local accounts with manual provisioning
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access evaluates sign-ins in real time using multiple signals: user risk, device compliance, location, and behavioral anomalies. Adaptive policies can enforce MFA, block access, or apply session restrictions dynamically. Integration with device management ensures that only compliant devices can access corporate resources. Monitoring detects unusual activity, enabling proactive protection against account compromise or insider threats.
Option B cannot enforce real-time risk evaluation or device compliance for cloud services. Option C only controls network-level access, not adaptive identity-based policies. Option D is unscalable, error-prone, and cannot provide dynamic access enforcement.
Option A provides cloud-native identity management, adaptive access, device compliance enforcement, and risk evaluation, fully meeting the firm’s requirements for secure, global Microsoft 365 access.
Understanding Adaptive Access and Conditional Access
Adaptive access is a security approach that evaluates multiple contextual signals in real time before granting access to resources. Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access is a cloud-native identity and access control mechanism that enables organizations to implement this approach across Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications. Unlike traditional access control methods, Conditional Access dynamically responds to changing conditions such as user behavior, device health, and location, providing a higher level of security without unduly restricting legitimate users.
Conditional Access works by analyzing risk signals generated during authentication attempts and applying predefined policies that dictate whether a user can proceed, needs to verify their identity further (e.g., MFA), or is blocked from access. This ensures that access is not granted based solely on a static factor like a password but is instead determined by a holistic evaluation of risk.
Real-Time Risk Evaluation
Option A excels because it allows organizations to assess risks in real time. Risk evaluation incorporates multiple factors including login anomalies, unusual geographic locations, suspicious IP addresses, and the historical behavior of a user. For instance, if a user attempts to access a resource from a country they’ve never logged in from, Conditional Access can detect this anomaly and trigger a higher level of verification. The real-time nature of this evaluation is critical because threats can arise instantaneously, and static policies cannot adapt to these dynamic conditions.
In contrast, Option B, traditional Active Directory (AD) password policies, focuses solely on static credentials. While enforcing strong passwords, expiration cycles, and complexity requirements helps reduce basic password-based attacks, it cannot detect risk anomalies in real time. AD password policies do not provide the flexibility to adapt based on location, device health, or unusual sign-in patterns, which are essential for a cloud-first environment like Microsoft 365.
Device Compliance Enforcement
Conditional Access integrates with device management platforms such as Microsoft Intune to enforce device compliance policies. This means only devices that meet organizational security standards—such as updated OS versions, antivirus protection, and encryption—can access corporate resources. By tying access to device compliance, organizations reduce the risk posed by unmanaged or compromised devices.
Option C, VPN access with IP restrictions, primarily provides network-level security. While it can limit access to specific IP ranges, it does not evaluate the health of the device or the behavior of the user. VPNs also introduce management overhead and do not scale effectively for globally distributed workforces. Moreover, VPNs cannot enforce adaptive authentication steps like MFA when a suspicious sign-in is detected.
Option D, local accounts with manual provisioning, is operationally cumbersome and highly prone to human error. It provides no real-time risk evaluation or integration with device compliance systems. Each account must be manually managed, creating bottlenecks in onboarding and offboarding, and increasing the potential for stale or insecure accounts to persist.
Integration with Cloud Services
Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications require identity solutions capable of operating at a global scale. Conditional Access is built to integrate seamlessly with Microsoft Entra ID and other Microsoft cloud services, providing a unified approach to authentication and authorization. By contrast, traditional AD or local account solutions are primarily designed for on-premises environments. They lack native capabilities to evaluate cloud-specific risk signals or enforce modern authentication protocols like OAuth2 or SAML in real time.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Policy Enforcement
Conditional Access policies can enforce MFA dynamically based on risk levels. For example, if a sign-in is deemed high risk due to an unfamiliar device or location, users can be prompted for MFA, whereas routine sign-ins from compliant devices can proceed without additional verification. This balances security and user convenience.
Option B cannot enforce MFA dynamically. MFA may be added as a static requirement in AD, but it cannot adapt based on the specific risk context of each sign-in. Option C can complement MFA but still lacks real-time evaluation based on user behavior and device health. Option D offers no MFA enforcement, leaving accounts highly vulnerable to compromise.
Global Scalability and Operational Efficiency
Conditional Access provides a cloud-first approach that scales effortlessly for global organizations. Policies are managed centrally, reducing the administrative burden associated with manually provisioning and maintaining accounts. Automated enforcement of compliance and risk-based policies minimizes operational overhead while ensuring consistent security across all users and locations.
Traditional methods, including local accounts or purely on-premises AD policies, cannot match this level of scalability. VPNs also require significant operational effort to maintain, particularly when users are geographically dispersed or frequently mobile. These methods introduce delays and potential gaps in security, which Conditional Access avoids.
Threat Detection and Proactive Protection
Conditional Access, in combination with Microsoft Entra risk detection, allows for proactive protection against potential threats such as compromised accounts, insider threats, and brute-force attacks. Continuous monitoring detects suspicious activity and can automatically trigger policies to mitigate risk.
By contrast, relying solely on static password policies (Option B), VPNs (Option C), or manual account management (Option D) offers reactive security. Threats may go undetected until they manifest as incidents, leaving the organization exposed. Conditional Access reduces response time by integrating threat detection with access enforcement, effectively closing the window of vulnerability.
Option A clearly meets the requirements for secure, global access to Microsoft 365 by combining:
Options B, C, and D fail to provide this combination of features. Traditional AD password policies (B) are static and on-premises-focused. VPN access (C) only controls network connectivity without identity awareness. Local account management (D) is unscalable and insecure for modern cloud environments.
Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access (Option A) therefore represents the most comprehensive and modern approach to securing access to cloud services, aligning with zero-trust principles and providing an operationally efficient and user-friendly solution.