Microsoft AZ-700 Designing and Implementing Microsoft Azure Networking Solutions Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 4 Q46-60
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Question 46:
You need to implement a centralised solution that allows multiple VNets to share a single DNS namespace for internal resources, ensuring name resolution is consistent and highly available. Which Azure service should you use?
A) Azure Private DNS Zones
B) VNet Peering
C) Application Gateway
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Private DNS Zones provide a centralised and highly available DNS solution for internal Azure resources. When multiple VNets link to a single private DNS zone, all resources within those VNets can resolve names consistently without requiring manual configuration of DNS servers. This centralisation eliminates potential conflicts and misconfigurations that can occur when each VNet uses separate DNS settings.
Option B, VNet Peering, enables private IP connectivity between VNets but does not provide name resolution. Without a centralised DNS solution, resources in different VNets would still need manual configuration or reliance on host files for name resolution, which is inefficient and prone to errors in large-scale deployments.
Option C, Application Gateway, operates at the application layer to route HTTP/HTTPS traffic and provide WAF capabilities. It does not provide DNS services or support multi-VNet name resolution. Its function is traffic distribution rather than network-wide name management.
Option D, NSGs, enforce traffic rules at the subnet or NIC level. While essential for network security, NSGs do not provide any DNS or name resolution capabilities.
By deploying Azure Private DNS Zones, organisations ensure consistent, highly available name resolution across multiple VNets. Private DNS zones support automatic registration of VM hostnames, reducing administrative overhead. They integrate seamlessly with hybrid network setups, allowing on-premises networks to resolve Azure resources via conditional forwarding. This setup ensures reliable communication between distributed applications, simplifies network management, supports compliance, and reduces potential downtime caused by DNS misconfigurations. Centralized DNS also allows for efficient troubleshooting, auditing, and monitoring of network name resolution, which is critical in enterprise-scale environments where multiple VNets host interdependent workloads.Azure Private DNS Zones are specifically designed to provide a robust, centralised, and highly available Domain Name System (DNS) solution for resources deployed within Azure, particularly when multiple Virtual Networks (VNets) are involved. In complex enterprise environments, where different VNets may host interdependent applications, databases, and services, ensuring consistent and accurate name resolution is critical. Without a centralised DNS approach, each VNet might rely on its own DNS configuration or manual host file entries, leading to operational inefficiencies, potential misconfigurations, and increased administrative overhead. Azure Private DNS Zones eliminate these challenges by allowing multiple VNets to link to a single DNS zone, ensuring all linked resources can resolve hostnames uniformly across the network.
The use of Private DNS Zones also enhances automation and reduces operational risk. For example, when virtual machines (VMs) or other resources are created, they can automatically register their hostnames with the private DNS zone, avoiding the need for manual updates. This is particularly valuable in dynamic cloud environments where resources are frequently added or removed. It also simplifies hybrid network scenarios: on-premises networks can resolve Azure private DNS records through conditional forwarding, maintaining seamless communication across cloud and on-premises systems.
Moreover, centralised DNS management improves network monitoring, auditing, and troubleshooting. Administrators can track DNS queries, identify resolution failures, and quickly detect misconfigurations that could disrupt application communication. This reliability is vital for enterprise-scale workloads where downtime or name resolution errors can lead to cascading application failures.
From a strategic perspective, Azure Private DNS Zones also support compliance and governance requirements. Organizations can enforce naming conventions, maintain a controlled namespace, and ensure that internal resources are discoverable only by authorized VNets. This capability is crucial in multi-department or multi-region deployments, where isolated VNets need to securely interact without exposing internal DNS information publicly.
In summary, Azure Private DNS Zones provide a centralized, automated, and secure mechanism for internal name resolution. They reduce administrative burden, enhance reliability, improve hybrid connectivity, and support enterprise governance, making them the optimal choice for managing DNS across multiple VNets. This ensures applications and services can communicate seamlessly, securely, and efficiently, regardless of scale or complexity.
Question 47:
You need to implement segmentation of network traffic within a VNet to isolate application tiers and apply granular security policies at the subnet level. Which Azure service should you use?
A) Network Security Groups (NSGs)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Application Gateway
D) Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Network Security Groups (NSGs) are designed to enforce granular traffic segmentation and access control within a VNet. NSGs allow administrators to define inbound and outbound rules at both the subnet and network interface levels, controlling communication between application tiers or workloads. This segmentation is critical for implementing a zero-trust model, limiting lateral movement of potential threats, and enforcing least-privilege access.
Option B, Azure Firewall, provides centralised security enforcement and inspection across VNets, which is excellent for hub-and-spoke or multi-VNet architectures. However, it is not optimized for fine-grained segmentation within a single VNet. Using Azure Firewall alone for intra-VNet segmentation may add unnecessary complexity and cost.
Option C, Application Gateway, operates at layer 7, routing HTTP/HTTPS traffic and protecting applications with WAF capabilities. It does not enforce subnet-level network segmentation and cannot control traffic between non-HTTP/HTTPS resources.
Option D, Load Balancer, distributes traffic across backend resources but does not provide security enforcement or segmentation. It is designed for high availability and redundancy rather than traffic isolation or access control.
By deploying NSGs, organizations gain precise control over traffic flows, enabling isolation of application tiers such as web, application, and database layers. Administrators can apply rules based on source/destination IPs, ports, and protocols to enforce least-privilege policies. NSGs can be combined with Azure Firewall for a layered security approach, where NSGs provide subnet-level segmentation and Azure Firewall enforces broader network security policies. This layered strategy enhances security, simplifies monitoring, and aligns with enterprise compliance frameworks. Proper NSG design ensures operational efficiency, minimizes attack surfaces, and provides clear visibility into traffic flows, which is essential for both performance optimization and security auditing.Network Security Groups (NSGs) are a fundamental component of Azure’s security framework, offering highly granular control over network traffic within and between VNets. In complex cloud environments, workloads are often segmented into multiple tiers—such as web, application, and database layers—each with different security requirements. NSGs allow administrators to implement precise rules that govern which traffic is permitted or denied at both the subnet level and individual network interface level. This capability is essential for enforcing the principle of least privilege, ensuring that only authorized communication is allowed between components, and reducing the risk of lateral movement by malicious actors in case of a breach.
NSGs are particularly effective in implementing a zero-trust network architecture, where every connection must be explicitly validated, regardless of whether it originates inside or outside the VNet. Administrators can define rules based on source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols, which allows for highly customized policies. For example, database subnets can be restricted to accept traffic only from application subnets, while web tiers can have controlled exposure to the internet. This granular segmentation prevents inadvertent access to sensitive resources and limits the potential blast radius of attacks.
When combined with other Azure security services, NSGs contribute to a layered defense strategy. Azure Firewall, for instance, provides centralized, stateful inspection and threat intelligence across multiple VNets, but it is not optimized for micro-segmentation within a single VNet. By using NSGs for internal segmentation and Azure Firewall for perimeter or inter-VNet protection, organizations achieve a comprehensive security posture that balances performance, manageability, and cost-effectiveness.
NSGs also play a critical role in operational visibility and compliance. They allow monitoring of traffic flows and identification of rule violations, which supports auditing and reporting requirements for regulatory frameworks. Administrators can track which connections are allowed or denied, analyze traffic patterns, and detect anomalies, making NSGs not only a preventative measure but also a diagnostic and compliance tool.
Additionally, NSGs are highly flexible and scalable, enabling dynamic updates to security policies without impacting overall VNet connectivity. In environments where workloads are constantly evolving, NSGs can adapt to changing requirements, providing continuous protection while maintaining efficient communication. Properly designed NSG architectures optimize performance by minimizing unnecessary traffic inspection, reducing latency, and maintaining application reliability.
In summary, NSGs provide essential intra-VNet security by enforcing granular traffic rules, supporting zero-trust principles, and integrating seamlessly into a layered network security strategy. They enhance operational visibility, simplify compliance, and reduce the attack surface while maintaining high performance and scalability, making them a cornerstone of secure Azure network design.
Question 48:
You need to provide centralised, secure inspection of all outbound traffic from multiple VNets to ensure compliance and enforce security policies, while maintaining high availability and scalability. Which Azure service should you deploy?
A) Azure Firewall
B) NSGs
C) Application Gateway
D) Standard Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Firewall is a fully managed, stateful firewall designed to centralise inspection and control of outbound traffic across multiple VNets. It allows organizations to define both network and application rules, log and monitor traffic, and enforce security policies consistently. Azure Firewall supports auto-scaling to accommodate increasing traffic loads and is highly available by default, ensuring minimal operational downtime.
Option B, NSGs, provides decentralised traffic filtering at the subnet or NIC level. While useful for segmenting traffic and applying local access control, NSGs cannot provide deep packet inspection, application-layer filtering, or centralised policy enforcement across multiple VNets. Relying solely on NSGs for compliance and inspection would be operationally complex and less effective.
Option C, Application Gateway, offers layer 7 traffic routing and Web Application Firewall protection for HTTP/HTTPS workloads. It is not designed to inspect or control all outbound network traffic, particularly non-HTTP protocols.
Option D, Standard Load Balancer, distributes traffic for high availability but does not inspect traffic or enforce security policies. It operates at layer 4 and cannot perform centralised compliance enforcement.
Implementing Azure Firewall enables organizations to centralize network security, enforce consistent policies, and maintain operational efficiency. Logs can be integrated with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics for audit trails, threat detection, and compliance reporting. Threat intelligence-based filtering allows proactive mitigation of potential attacks, and application rules control which applications can communicate externally. Azure Firewall also integrates seamlessly with hub-and-spoke architectures, enabling secure inspection of traffic between VNets and external networks. This centralised approach ensures enterprise-grade security, simplifies management, and reduces operational complexity compared to decentralised solutions. Azure Firewall is a robust, cloud-native security service that provides organisations with centralised control over network traffic across multiple Virtual Networks (VNets). Unlike decentralised solutions such as Network Security Groups (NSGs), which operate at the subnet or network interface level, Azure Firewall is designed to inspect, filter, and enforce security policies consistently across an entire Azure environment. This centralization is particularly important in large-scale deployments where multiple VNets, regions, and application tiers exist, as it ensures that security policies are uniformly applied, reducing the risk of misconfigurations and gaps in network protection.
One of the primary advantages of Azure Firewall is its ability to perform stateful packet inspection at both the network and application layers. Network rules allow organizations to control traffic based on source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols, while application rules enable filtering of outbound HTTP/HTTPS traffic based on fully qualified domain names (FQDNs). This dual capability allows Azure Firewall to enforce comprehensive security policies that go beyond simple traffic segmentation. It provides protection against a wide range of network-based threats, including unauthorized data exfiltration, malware communication, and suspicious outbound connections.
Scalability and high availability are integral to Azure Firewall’s design. It supports auto-scaling to accommodate increases in network traffic without manual intervention, ensuring that performance remains consistent even during peak workloads. Additionally, it is built with high availability by default, meaning that organizations do not need to design complex failover architectures to maintain uptime. This reliability makes it suitable for enterprise environments where operational continuity is critical.
Centralized logging and monitoring capabilities further enhance Azure Firewall’s value. Logs can be routed to Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, or Event Hubs, allowing security teams to maintain audit trails, detect anomalies, and respond to potential threats quickly. Threat intelligence-based filtering can block known malicious IP addresses and domains automatically, providing proactive defense measures. These capabilities support compliance requirements and security auditing, which are crucial for regulated industries that must demonstrate rigorous control over network traffic.
Integration with hub-and-spoke architectures is another key benefit. In such designs, Azure Firewall often resides in the hub VNet, inspecting and controlling traffic flowing between multiple spoke VNets and external networks. This approach reduces the need for multiple, dispersed security appliances, simplifies management, and ensures consistent policy enforcement across the environment.
Moreover, Azure Firewall reduces operational complexity compared to decentralised solutions. While NSGs are essential for local traffic control and segmentation, relying solely on them for enterprise-wide policy enforcement can lead to configuration errors and inconsistent protection. Azure Firewall consolidates these responsibilities, enabling security teams to manage policies centrally, automate rule deployment, and maintain visibility into network activities across all VNets.
In summary, Azure Firewall offers a centralized, scalable, and highly available solution for network security, combining stateful inspection, application-level filtering, proactive threat intelligence, and robust logging capabilities. Its integration with Azure monitoring and hub-and-spoke architectures enhances security posture, simplifies administration, and ensures compliance, making it an indispensable tool for organizations seeking enterprise-grade network protection in the cloud.
Question 49:
You need to provide secure, remote access to Azure VMs without assigning public IP addresses, while supporting multiple concurrent administrator sessions and compliance auditing. Which service should you deploy?
A) Azure Bastion
B) VPN Gateway
C) NSGs
D) Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Bastion provides secure RDP and SSH access to Azure VMs directly through the Azure portal without requiring public IP addresses. Connections are encrypted via SSL, minimizing exposure to external threats. Bastion allows multiple administrators to connect simultaneously, supports session logging for compliance auditing, and eliminates the need for VPNs or jump servers. It is a fully managed service, automatically scaling to meet demand and providing high availability for critical administrative access.
Option B, VPN Gateway, enables encrypted connectivity but requires client-side configuration and public internet exposure, making it less seamless for VM management. It is suitable for hybrid network access rather than centralised VM administration.
Option C, NSGs, filter traffic but cannot facilitate remote access. They enforce security rules but do not provide RDP/SSH sessions or centralize administrator access.
Option D, Load Balancer, distributes network traffic but does not provide secure management or administrative access to VMs. It cannot handle encrypted remote sessions.
By deploying Azure Bastion, organizations achieve centralized, secure access for VM administration, reducing the attack surface and ensuring compliance with logging and auditing requirements. It simplifies operational management by eliminating the need for public IPs, jump boxes, or complex VPN configurations. Bastion integrates with Azure Monitor for session tracking, providing visibility and governance over administrative actions. This approach enhances security, supports enterprise compliance frameworks, and ensures operational efficiency in managing distributed workloads.Azure Bastion is a fully managed platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering designed to provide secure and seamless RDP and SSH access to virtual machines (VMs) within Azure without the need for exposing them via public IP addresses. By eliminating direct internet exposure, Bastion significantly reduces the attack surface for administrative access, protecting VMs from common threats such as brute-force attacks, port scanning, and other unauthorized access attempts. This is particularly important in enterprise environments where multiple administrators may need access to mission-critical workloads across various VNets, regions, or subscriptions. Bastion ensures that all connections are encrypted using SSL, which protects sensitive credentials and session data during transit.
Unlike traditional jump servers or VPN-based access, Azure Bastion simplifies operational management by centralizing secure connectivity through the Azure portal. Administrators can access VMs directly from the browser interface, removing the need for additional client-side software or complex network configurations. This seamless approach eliminates the need to manage public IP addresses for each VM, which can introduce management overhead and potential security risks. Bastion also supports simultaneous sessions, allowing multiple administrators to manage resources concurrently without interfering with each other, which is crucial for large teams or organizations with distributed IT operations.
Compliance and auditing are core considerations for enterprise environments, and Azure Bastion addresses these effectively. All session activity can be logged and integrated with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics, providing comprehensive visibility into administrative actions. These logs allow security and compliance teams to track who accessed which resources, when, and for what purpose. This capability is vital for adhering to regulatory requirements, internal policies, and security frameworks that mandate accountability and traceability of privileged access.
High availability and scalability are built into Azure Bastion’s architecture. The service automatically scales to handle increased workloads or additional VMs without requiring manual intervention or infrastructure provisioning. This ensures uninterrupted access even during periods of high demand, which is critical for enterprises with dynamic workloads or during disaster recovery scenarios. Organizations can rely on Bastion as a consistent and resilient solution for managing VMs across multiple VNets or subscriptions, without the risk of service interruptions impacting administrative operations.
Furthermore, Bastion integrates seamlessly with other Azure services to enhance governance and operational efficiency. For example, it works alongside role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce least-privilege administration, ensuring that only authorized personnel can initiate RDP or SSH sessions. It also complements network security configurations, such as NSGs and Azure Firewall, by providing secure access pathways while still enforcing traffic restrictions and monitoring network activity.
In addition to security and compliance benefits, Bastion reduces operational complexity by eliminating the need for on-premises infrastructure like jump boxes, VPN concentrators, or bastion hosts. Organizations no longer need to maintain and patch additional servers or configure complex firewall rules to allow secure remote access. This not only lowers management overhead and operational costs but also enhances the overall security posture by reducing potential points of failure or attack vectors.
In summary, Azure Bastion provides centralized, secure, and highly available remote access to Azure VMs without requiring public IP addresses. It enhances enterprise security, supports compliance through session logging and auditing, simplifies operations by removing the need for jump boxes or VPNs, and scales automatically to meet demand. By integrating seamlessly with Azure’s security and governance frameworks, Bastion ensures that administrative access is efficient, secure, and fully auditable, making it an indispensable tool for modern cloud operations.
Question 50:
You need to dynamically propagate routes between multiple VNets and integrate inspection appliances while ensuring high availability and operational simplicity. Which Azure service should you implement?
A) Azure Route Server
B) VPN Gateway
C) ExpressRoute
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Route Server enables dynamic route propagation between Azure VNets, on-premises routers, and network virtual appliances (NVAs) using BGP. This eliminates the need for manual route configuration, reduces misconfigurations, and ensures consistent connectivity across complex network topologies. Route Server supports high availability and integrates with inspection appliances to enforce security and compliance policies.
Option B, VPN Gateway, supports dynamic routing via BGP but is primarily designed for site-to-site or point-to-site connections. It does not provide centralised route management across multiple VNets with integrated inspection appliances.
Option C, ExpressRoute, provides private connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure VNets but does not propagate routes dynamically or integrate directly with NVAs for inspection. Manual configuration is required, making it less efficient for multi-VNet scenarios.
Option D, NSGs, enforce security rules but cannot propagate routes or integrate with NVAs. They are essential for network segmentation and access control but do not manage routing.
By implementing Azure Route Server, organizations can automate route updates, integrate with inspection appliances for centralised security, and maintain high availability across hybrid and multi-VNet environments. It simplifies network operations, reduces errors, and ensures reliable, scalable, and secure connectivity. Route Server provides visibility, monitoring, and operational intelligence, enabling enterprises to manage complex network topologies efficiently while maintaining compliance and operational excellence.
Question 51:
You need to provide secure, private connectivity between multiple VNets in Azure and on-premises networks while allowing automatic routing updates and high availability. Which solution should you implement?
A) VPN Gateway with BGP enabled
B) ExpressRoute
C) Azure Bastion
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
VPN Gateway with BGP enabled is designed to provide secure, site-to-site connectivity between Azure VNets and on-premises networks. By enabling BGP, the gateway can dynamically exchange routing information, reducing manual configuration requirements and ensuring that routes are automatically updated if network topologies change. This dynamic routing capability supports high availability because BGP can detect failed connections and reroute traffic through alternate paths, reducing downtime.
Option B, ExpressRoute, provides private, dedicated connectivity with predictable performance and high bandwidth. While ExpressRoute is excellent for scenarios requiring consistent network performance, it does not inherently propagate routes between VNets and on-premises environments without integration with additional routing mechanisms. Manual configuration is often needed to ensure dynamic route updates, which increases operational complexity.
Option C, Azure Bastion, provides secure RDP and SSH access to VMs but does not handle network connectivity or dynamic route propagation. Bastion is focused on administrative access rather than VNet-to-on-premises connectivity.
Option D, NSGs, enforce access control at the subnet or NIC level but do not manage routing or provide secure connectivity. They are critical for segmenting traffic but are not a connectivity solution.
By deploying VPN Gateway with BGP, organizations gain encrypted, reliable, and dynamically routed connections between VNets and on-premises networks. BGP provides flexibility for multi-site redundancy, reduces configuration errors, and supports high availability by allowing traffic to reroute automatically if failures occur. This approach simplifies hybrid network management, ensures secure communication, and aligns with enterprise best practices for resilient, scalable, and manageable connectivity between cloud and on-premises environments. Integration with monitoring tools also enables administrators to track routing changes, detect network issues proactively, and maintain operational visibility, which is crucial for large-scale enterprise deployments.
Question 52:
You need to ensure that outbound traffic from multiple VNets is inspected centrally, compliant with policies, and scalable while supporting high availability. Which service should you deploy?
A) Azure Firewall
B) NSGs
C) Application Gateway
D) Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Firewall is a fully managed, stateful firewall designed for centralizing inspection and enforcement of outbound traffic across multiple VNets. It supports application rules, network rules, and threat intelligence-based filtering, allowing organizations to enforce consistent security policies. Azure Firewall scales automatically to handle increasing traffic and is highly available by default, ensuring minimal operational impact during peak loads or failures.
Option B, NSGs, provides decentralised traffic filtering at the subnet or NIC level. While NSGs can enforce granular traffic rules, they cannot perform deep packet inspection, application-layer filtering, or centralised policy enforcement. Using NSGs alone for compliance and monitoring would be operationally complex and would not scale well for multi-VNet architectures.
Option C, Application Gateway, provides layer 7 traffic routing and WAF for web applications. It cannot inspect or control all outbound traffic, particularly non-HTTP/HTTPS protocols. Its focus is on web application protection rather than network-wide inspection and compliance.
Option D, Load Balancer, ensures high availability by distributing traffic but does not inspect traffic or enforce policies. It operates at layer 4 and cannot enforce compliance or provide centralised traffic management.
Deploying Azure Firewall ensures centralised visibility, policy enforcement, and compliance across multiple VNets. Integration with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics allows organisations to track traffic patterns, generate audit reports, and detect threats proactively. Azure Firewall also supports hub-and-spoke topologies, enabling centralised inspection for multi-VNet architectures while maintaining operational simplicity. This approach ensures enterprise-grade security, scalable performance, and adherence to regulatory standards while reducing complexity compared to decentralised security models. The centralised inspection point provided by Azure Firewall also supports automated threat detection, policy updates, and integration with other security tools for a comprehensive defence-in-depth strategy.
Question 53:
You need to dynamically propagate routes between VNets and integrate inspection appliances to ensure centralised security while maintaining high availability. Which service should you deploy?
A) Azure Route Server
B) VPN Gateway
C) ExpressRoute
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Route Server allows dynamic route propagation between VNets, network virtual appliances (NVAs), and on-premises routers using BGP. This eliminates the need for manual route configuration, reduces misconfiguration risks, and ensures connectivity remains consistent across complex network topologies. Route Server can integrate with inspection appliances to enforce security and compliance, centralising network oversight while simplifying operations.
Option B, VPN Gateway, supports dynamic routing using BGP but is primarily designed for site-to-site or point-to-site connections. It does not provide centralised integration with NVAs for inspection across multiple VNets. VPN Gateway is best suited for secure hybrid connectivity rather than multi-VNet centralised routing with inspection.
Option C, ExpressRoute, provides private, dedicated connectivity to Azure with predictable performance but does not dynamically propagate routes or integrate directly with NVAs for inspection. Manual configuration is required to achieve centralised routing, increasing operational overhead.
Option D, NSGs, enforce security rules but cannot propagate routes or integrate with NVAs. They are essential for segmentation and access control, but are not designed for centralised routing or dynamic integration with inspection appliances.
By deploying Azure Route Server, organisations achieve automated route management, seamless integration with inspection appliances, and high availability across hybrid and multi-VNet environments. Route Server simplifies network operations, reduces configuration errors, and ensures reliable connectivity. It also enables visibility and monitoring of route propagation, facilitating troubleshooting, operational intelligence, and compliance reporting. Centralised management of routes enhances security, operational efficiency, and scalability in enterprise environments while maintaining high availability for critical workloads. This approach aligns with best practices for modern, complex Azure network architectures.
Question 54:
You need to provide secure, high-performance private connectivity between on-premises networks and multiple VNets, with predictable latency and enterprise-grade reliability. Which solution should you implement?
A) ExpressRoute
B) VPN Gateway
C) Azure Bastion
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
ExpressRoute provides private, dedicated network connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure VNets. Unlike VPN connections over the public internet, ExpressRoute ensures predictable latency, high bandwidth, and enterprise-grade reliability. It supports multiple VNets through peering and allows private IP address communication, ensuring that data never traverses the public internet. ExpressRoute is ideal for high-performance workloads requiring consistent network performance, minimal latency, and guaranteed throughput.
Option B, VPN Gateway, provides encrypted connectivity over the public internet. While it secures traffic, it does not guarantee consistent performance or high bandwidth, making it less suitable for mission-critical workloads. VPN connections may experience variable latency and throughput, affecting application performance.
Option C, Azure Bastion, enables secure RDP and SSH access to VMs without public IPs but does not facilitate network connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure VNets. Bastion is for administrative access, not enterprise network connectivity.
Option D, NSGs, enforce traffic rules but do not provide private connectivity, guaranteed latency, or high performance. They control traffic flows, but are not a solution for high-performance hybrid connectivity.
Deploying ExpressRoute ensures private, reliable, and high-performance connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure VNets. Enterprises benefit from predictable latency, dedicated bandwidth, and integration with multiple VNets, enabling scalable, hybrid architectures. ExpressRoute simplifies network management by providing a secure, dedicated connection, improving application performance and user experience. Integration with monitoring and analytics enables proactive network management, troubleshooting, and capacity planning. This approach ensures enterprise-grade network performance, operational efficiency, and security compliance, making it ideal for global-scale hybrid deployments.
Question 55:
You need to ensure that global users are directed to the closest available application endpoint while optimising performance and maintaining high availability. Which Azure service should you implement?
A) Azure Traffic Manager
B) Application Gateway
C) Standard Load Balancer
D) Azure Firewall
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based global traffic routing solution that directs users to the closest or healthiest endpoint. It supports multiple routing methods, including performance-based, priority, geographic, and weighted routing. Traffic Manager continuously monitors endpoint health and automatically reroutes traffic to available endpoints, ensuring minimal downtime and optimised performance for end-users.
Option B, Application Gateway, provides regional layer 7 load balancing and WAF capabilities for HTTP/HTTPS traffic but does not support global endpoint routing or DNS-based failover across multiple regions. It is effective within a single region but cannot optimise user experience globally.
Option C, Standard Load Balancer, operates at layer 4 and distributes traffic within a single region. It does not provide global routing, failover, or endpoint selection based on user proximity.
Option D, Azure Firewall, inspects and filters traffic but does not route users or optimise global performance. Its focus is on security enforcement, not traffic distribution.
Using Azure Traffic Manager, organisations ensure that users are routed to the closest healthy endpoint, reducing latency and improving responsiveness. Integration with monitoring and alerting allows administrators to detect failures quickly and maintain service reliability. Traffic Manager supports enterprise-grade applications with global reach, providing intelligent routing, failover, and performance optimisation. This ensures a seamless user experience, high availability, and robust disaster recovery for applications deployed across multiple regions, aligning with best practices for globally distributed architectures.
Question 56:
You need to ensure multiple VNets can resolve internal hostnames using a consistent DNS namespace while avoiding manual DNS server configuration. Which service should you implement?
A) Azure Private DNS Zones
B) VNet Peering
C) Azure Firewall
D) Application Gateway
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Private DNS Zones provide a centralised DNS solution for Azure VNets, enabling consistent name resolution without requiring manual configuration of individual DNS servers. When VNets link to a private DNS zone, all resources within those VNets can resolve names consistently, reducing errors and operational overhead. This approach is particularly beneficial for hybrid environments where consistency and reliability are critical.
Option B, VNet Peering, allows private connectivity between VNets but does not provide DNS services. Without private DNS zones, name resolution across VNets would require custom DNS setups or host file management, which is error-prone and difficult to scale.
Option C, Azure Firewall, enforces network security policies but does not provide name resolution. While it can integrate with DNS for logging or filtering, it does not act as a DNS server for internal resolution.
Option D, Application Gateway, routes HTTP/HTTPS traffic at layer 7 and provides WAF capabilities. It does not provide DNS resolution or a centralised namespace for multiple VNets.
Using Azure Private DNS Zones ensures that VNets share a consistent, highly available namespace. It supports automatic VM hostname registration, simplifies management of network dependencies, and integrates with conditional forwarding for hybrid networks. Enterprises benefit from improved operational efficiency, reduced misconfiguration risk, and reliable communication between internal services, which is crucial for complex applications that span multiple VNets. This solution also supports compliance and monitoring by providing visibility into DNS queries across the organisation, enhancing operational governance and reliability.
Question 57:
You need to segment traffic within a VNet to isolate application tiers and enforce granular security policies while minimising lateral movement of threats. Which Azure service should you use?
A) Network Security Groups (NSGs)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Load Balancer
D) Application Gateway
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Network Security Groups (NSGs) allow organisations to define granular inbound and outbound traffic rules at both the subnet and network interface level. This enables segmentation within a VNet, isolating application tiers such as web, application, and database layers. NSGs are critical for implementing zero-trust architectures, reducing lateral movement, and applying least-privilege access principles.
Option B, Azure Firewall, provides centralised traffic inspection and policy enforcement across VNets. While it is excellent for hub-and-spoke architectures, it is not optimised for intra-VNet segmentation and fine-grained control between application tiers.
Option C, Load Balancer, distributes network traffic but does not enforce segmentation or access control. It is a high-availability tool rather than a security control mechanism.
Option D, Application Gateway, operates at layer 7 and routes HTTP/HTTPS traffic while providing WAF capabilities. It cannot enforce subnet-level segmentation or apply policies to non-web traffic.
Implementing NSGs allows precise control over traffic flows, improving security posture and operational efficiency. Rules can be defined based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols to enforce strict communication policies. NSGs can complement Azure Firewall, creating a layered security model where NSGs handle segmentation and Azure Firewall enforces broader network security. This combination reduces operational complexity, enhances visibility, and ensures that each tier is isolated, minimising attack surfaces and improving compliance with enterprise security standards. Properly designed NSGs provide scalability and flexibility to accommodate dynamic application deployments while maintaining robust security controls.
Question 58:
You need to provide centralised inspection of outbound traffic across multiple VNets while maintaining high availability and scalability. Which Azure service should you deploy?
A) Azure Firewall
B) NSGs
C) Application Gateway
D) Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Firewall centralises network inspection and policy enforcement for outbound traffic across multiple VNets. It supports network rules, application rules, and threat intelligence-based filtering. Its fully managed nature ensures high availability and scalability without requiring manual intervention. Organisations can apply consistent security policies across VNets, ensuring compliance with regulatory and internal requirements.
Option B, NSGs, enforce traffic rules locally at subnets or NICs, but cannot inspect traffic deeply or centralise policy enforcement. Relying solely on NSGs for outbound inspection across multiple VNets would increase complexity and reduce effectiveness.
Option C, Application Gateway, protects HTTP/HTTPS workloads with layer 7 traffic routing and WAF, but cannot inspect or control all outbound traffic, especially non-HTTP protocols.
Option D, Load Balancer, ensures high availability by distributing traffic, but does not provide inspection or policy enforcement capabilities.
By deploying Azure Firewall, organisations gain visibility, centralised control, and operational simplicity. Logs can be integrated with Azure Monitor for auditing, compliance reporting, and proactive threat detection. Azure Firewall scales automatically to handle traffic growth and integrates with hub-and-spoke architectures, enabling centralised inspection for multi-VNet scenarios. This ensures consistent security enforcement, reduces administrative overhead, and enhances enterprise-grade protection across complex network topologies.
Question 59:
You need to securely provide remote administrative access to VMs without exposing them to public IP addresses, while supporting multiple concurrent sessions and compliance auditing. Which service should you use?
A) Azure Bastion
B) VPN Gateway
C) NSGs
D) Load Balancer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Bastion enables secure RDP and SSH access to Azure VMs directly through the Azure portal without public IP addresses. Connections are encrypted via SSL, reducing the attack surface. Bastion supports multiple concurrent sessions and integrates with monitoring and logging for compliance auditing. It eliminates the need for jump servers or VPNs specifically for VM access, simplifying administrative operations.
Option B, VPN Gateway, provides secure site-to-site or point-to-site connectivity but requires client configuration and exposes some traffic to public internet endpoints. It is less seamless for centralised VM administration.
Option C, NSGs, enforce traffic rules but cannot provide administrative access or session management. They are important for security, but not for remote access.
Option D, Load Balancer, distributes traffic for availability but does not facilitate secure remote access or support administrative sessions.
Deploying Azure Bastion ensures secure, centralised VM administration without public IP exposure. This reduces operational risk, enhances compliance, and integrates with auditing tools for detailed session tracking. Bastion provides high availability, scaling automatically with demand, and supports enterprise-grade remote management. It simplifies operations, secures administrative access, and aligns with compliance requirements, making it a best practice for managing cloud workloads in Azure.
Question 60:
You need to dynamically propagate routes between multiple VNets and integrate inspection appliances while maintaining operational simplicity and high availability. Which Azure service should you deploy?
A) Azure Route Server
B) VPN Gateway
C) ExpressRoute
D) NSGs
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Azure Route Server allows dynamic route propagation between Azure VNets, network virtual appliances (NVAs), and on-premises routers using BGP. This eliminates manual configuration of routes, reduces the risk of misconfigurations, and ensures connectivity is consistent across complex topologies. It integrates with NVAs for centralised inspection and policy enforcement, ensuring network traffic is monitored for security and compliance purposes.
Option B, VPN Gateway, supports dynamic routing via BGP but is mainly for site-to-site or point-to-site connectivity and does not provide centralised integration with inspection appliances for multi-VNet topologies.
Option C, ExpressRoute, offers private connectivity but does not automatically propagate routes or integrate with NVAs for inspection. Manual configuration is required, which increases operational complexity.
Option D, NSGs, enforce access control but do not manage routing or provide centralised integration with inspection appliances. They are useful for segmentation but not dynamic route propagation.
Deploying Azure Route Server ensures automated routing, high availability, and centralised inspection, reducing operational overhead. It simplifies hybrid and multi-VNet network management while ensuring enterprise-grade security. Integration with monitoring tools provides visibility into route changes, enabling proactive troubleshooting and operational intelligence. Route Server supports scalable, reliable, and secure connectivity across Azure networks and on-premises environments, making it essential for complex enterprise architectures. It aligns with best practices by automating network management, enhancing security, and maintaining operational consistency across distributed network topologies.