Microsoft AZ-700 Designing and Implementing Microsoft Azure Networking Solutions Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 2 Q16-30

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Question 16:

You need to distribute incoming web traffic across multiple Azure VMs while enabling SSL termination at the load balancer. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Application Gateway
B) Standard Load Balancer
C) Traffic Manager
D) Azure Firewall

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Application Gateway is an advanced layer 7 load balancer designed to manage web traffic in Azure. It is particularly suited for scenarios that require SSL termination, application-level routing, and deep packet inspection. SSL termination means that the Application Gateway handles the decryption of HTTPS traffic at the gateway level before sending the requests to the backend VMs in plain HTTP. This reduces the CPU load on individual VMs because they no longer have to handle SSL decryption themselves. Centralized SSL management ensures that certificate renewal and policy updates can be managed in a single location, enhancing operational efficiency and security.

Application Gateway also allows URL-based routing, enabling requests for specific URL paths to be directed to different backend pools. For example, requests to /images can be routed to a specific VM pool optimized for static content, while /api traffic goes to another pool optimized for backend services. This routing capability is critical for complex web applications with multiple services or microservices deployed across different backend VMs. Additionally, Application Gateway integrates a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect against common threats such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and malicious bots. WAF policies are centralized, making it easier to enforce security consistently across applications.

Option B, Standard Load Balancer, operates at layer 4 and distributes traffic based on IP address and port. While it can handle TCP and UDP traffic efficiently, it does not provide SSL termination or inspect HTTP headers. Standard Load Balancer cannot make routing decisions based on URL paths or host headers, making it unsuitable for web applications that require application-layer routing and inspection. Using a Standard Load Balancer would require SSL termination on each VM, increasing operational complexity and the risk of misconfigurations.

Option C, Traffic Manager, is a DNS-based traffic routing solution that directs users to endpoints based on performance, geography, or priority. While Traffic Manager is excellent for global load distribution and failover, it operates at the DNS level rather than the network or application layer. It does not perform SSL termination, cannot inspect HTTP headers, and does not provide routing rules for URL paths or host headers. Traffic Manager works in conjunction with Application Gateway or Load Balancer for endpoint distribution, but cannot replace their functionality.

Option D, Azure Firewall, provides centralized traffic inspection and filtering for network traffic. While Azure Firewall is essential for network security, it does not provide load balancing or application-layer routing. It cannot perform SSL termination for web applications or manage URL-based traffic. Firewall policies focus on network security rather than application delivery and performance optimization.

Choosing Application Gateway ensures efficient, secure, and scalable distribution of web traffic. Centralized SSL termination reduces operational complexity and allows consistent security policies. Layer 7 routing enables microservice architectures and modern application designs. With autoscaling capabilities, zone redundancy, integration with Azure Monitor, and advanced WAF protection, Application Gateway supports high availability and operational excellence. This makes it the optimal choice for web application traffic management in Azure, balancing performance, security, and manageability. Application Gateway not only provides advanced routing and SSL termination, but it also offers features that support modern DevOps and cloud-native architectures. For instance, it integrates seamlessly with Azure Front Door for global load balancing and provides end-to-end monitoring with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics. This allows organizations to gain insights into traffic patterns, detect anomalies, and optimize performance. Additionally, Application Gateway supports autoscaling, which ensures that resources dynamically adjust based on traffic demand, reducing both latency and costs associated with overprovisioning.

Another critical aspect is session affinity, also known as cookie-based routing, which directs user sessions consistently to the same backend instance. This is essential for applications that maintain user state, such as shopping carts or personalized dashboards. The gateway also supports redirection rules, enabling scenarios like HTTP to HTTPS redirection, which improves security compliance and user experience. Moreover, integration with Azure Private Link allows secure, private access to backend services without exposing them to the public internet, further enhancing the security posture.

By centralizing advanced features like SSL offloading, WAF policies, URL-based routing, and telemetry collection, Application Gateway simplifies management and reduces the operational overhead associated with maintaining multiple security and routing solutions. These capabilities make it a future-ready, scalable, and secure choice for enterprises looking to manage complex web applications efficiently in Azure.

Question 17:

You need to monitor connectivity between VNets and generate alerts if packet loss exceeds a threshold. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure Network Watcher Connection Monitor
B) NSGs
C) Route Tables
D) Azure Firewall

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Network Watcher Connection Monitor provides continuous monitoring of network connectivity between Azure resources, on-premises networks, and hybrid networks. It allows administrators to observe packet loss, latency, jitter, and other critical metrics. Alerts can be configured based on defined thresholds, enabling proactive responses to potential network issues before they impact application performance. Connection Monitor supports multi-hop monitoring, meaning it can track traffic that passes through multiple subnets, network appliances, and VNets, providing comprehensive visibility into complex network topologies.

Option B, NSGs, enforce security rules at the subnet or network interface level. While NSGs can log allowed or denied flows if diagnostic logging is enabled, they do not provide active monitoring of network performance metrics like packet loss or latency. NSGs are security-focused and cannot generate alerts for connectivity issues.

Option C, Route Tables, defines how traffic is routed within a VNet or between VNets. Route tables are essential for controlling the flow of packets, but do not provide visibility into packet loss or connectivity issues. They are a configuration tool rather than a monitoring solution. Misconfigured route tables can cause network problems, but route tables themselves do not offer proactive monitoring or alerting.

Option D, Azure Firewall, provides stateful packet inspection, threat intelligence, and logging for network traffic. While it logs traffic flows and can integrate with Azure Monitor, it does not provide continuous measurement of network performance metrics like latency or packet loss. Firewall logs are primarily used for security auditing rather than proactive network performance monitoring.

Connection Monitor is vital for ensuring that VNets, hybrid connections, and critical workloads maintain reliable connectivity. By generating alerts based on packet loss thresholds, administrators can quickly detect network degradation and take corrective action. It integrates with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics, allowing trend analysis, historical reporting, and visualization. This proactive approach reduces downtime, ensures application reliability, and supports compliance with operational standards. Connection Monitor also enables testing of endpoints to verify connectivity before deploying new workloads, making it an essential tool for enterprise-scale network monitoring. Azure Network Watcher Connection Monitor goes beyond basic connectivity checks by providing end-to-end visibility into complex network paths and hybrid environments. It allows administrators to monitor not only direct connections but also traffic that traverses multiple network hops, including virtual network gateways, VPNs, and ExpressRoute circuits. This level of detail is crucial for diagnosing intermittent issues that could impact distributed applications, such as latency spikes, packet drops, or misrouted traffic. Connection Monitor also supports multiple protocols, including ICMP, TCP, and HTTP, enabling a comprehensive assessment of connectivity for various types of workloads.

Another significant advantage is its integration with alerting and automation tools. By combining Connection Monitor with Azure Monitor alerts, administrators can trigger automated remediation actions or notifications whenever network metrics exceed defined thresholds. This supports a proactive network operations approach, minimizing downtime and improving service reliability. Connection Monitor also provides a detailed visualization of network topology and health status, allowing teams to identify bottlenecks or misconfigurations quickly.

In enterprise environments, where workloads span multiple regions and on-premises data centers, Connection Monitor ensures that SLAs are maintained and potential issues are identified before they affect end-users. It also supports compliance and auditing requirements by maintaining historical records of connectivity performance. By using Connection Monitor, organizations gain a reliable, scalable, and automated solution for ensuring optimal network performance, improving both operational efficiency and end-user experience.

Question 18:

You need to provide secure remote management of Azure VMs without exposing them to the public internet. Which service should you implement?

A) Azure Bastion
B) VPN Gateway
C) NSGs
D) Load Balancer

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Bastion is a fully managed service that provides secure RDP and SSH access to Azure VMs directly through the Azure portal. It eliminates the need to assign public IP addresses to VMs, reducing the attack surface and enhancing security. Bastion connections are encrypted via SSL and can be accessed using a web browser, providing a seamless user experience. It supports multiple concurrent sessions, autoscaling based on demand, and integration with NSGs and Azure Monitor for enhanced security and monitoring.

Option B, VPN Gateway, provides secure connectivity between on-premises networks or clients and Azure VNets. While it can facilitate remote access, VPN connections require client configuration and are generally more complex for administrators. VPN Gateway is suitable for hybrid connectivity scenarios but does not provide seamless browser-based access directly to VMs.

Option C, NSGs, control inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet or NIC level. They do not provide remote management capabilities or encrypted access to VMs. NSGs are a critical security tool, but cannot replace a remote management solution.

Option D, Load Balancer, distributes traffic across backend VMs but does not provide remote management capabilities. It cannot facilitate RDP or SSH sessions to individual VMs.

Azure Bastion is the ideal solution for secure and auditable VM management. It centralizes access, reduces operational complexity, and provides strong security by eliminating public exposure. It supports compliance with regulatory requirements by logging administrative access and integrates with monitoring tools to detect anomalous behavior. For enterprise environments, Bastion reduces risk, simplifies operations, and ensures secure, reliable management of critical workloads. Azure Bastion not only enhances security by removing the need for public IP addresses on VMs but also streamlines operational efficiency for administrators managing large-scale deployments. Because connections occur entirely through the Azure portal, there is no need for additional client software or complex VPN setups, which reduces the administrative overhead and potential configuration errors. Bastion supports both RDP and SSH protocols, making it versatile for Windows and Linux environments, and ensures that all sessions are fully encrypted using SSL, protecting sensitive administrative credentials and data in transit.

Another important advantage is its scalability and high availability. Azure Bastion can automatically scale to support multiple concurrent sessions, accommodating growing teams and dynamic workload demands without requiring manual provisioning or infrastructure changes. It integrates with Azure Monitor, allowing detailed logging and auditing of all access attempts, which is critical for regulatory compliance and incident investigation. Administrators can track who accessed which VM, at what time, and for how long, supporting both operational transparency and security governance.

For organizations adopting a zero-trust security model, Bastion aligns perfectly by enforcing controlled, auditable access without exposing resources directly to the internet. It reduces the attack surface dramatically, eliminating common threats associated with public IP exposure, such as brute-force attacks or port scanning. By centralizing secure access and simplifying remote management workflows, Azure Bastion ensures that enterprise environments remain both secure and operationally efficient, providing peace of mind for IT teams and executives alike.

Question 19:

You need to route traffic between multiple VNets in different regions using a central hub and want simplified management with dynamic route updates. Which solution should you choose?

A) Azure Virtual WAN
B) VNet Peering
C) ExpressRoute
D) Application Gateway

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Virtual WAN enables a hub-and-spoke architecture for connecting multiple VNets across regions. It supports dynamic route propagation, allowing automatic updates when network configurations change. This reduces administrative overhead and simplifies the management of large, distributed networks. Virtual WAN also integrates with on-premises networks via VPN or ExpressRoute, enabling hybrid connectivity. Centralized monitoring, traffic optimization, and automated failover improve reliability and performance.

Option B, VNet Peering, allows direct connectivity between VNets but requires a full mesh for multiple VNets, which becomes complex and difficult to manage at scale. Peering does not provide central routing or dynamic updates, making it less suitable for large multi-region deployments.

Option C, ExpressRoute, provides private, high-performance connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure, but does not inherently simplify multi-VNet routing or central hub management. Additional configurations are required for inter-VNet routing. Azure Virtual WAN also offers significant advantages in terms of operational efficiency and network resiliency. By consolidating connectivity through a central hub, it reduces the complexity of managing multiple point-to-point connections between VNets or on-premises sites. This centralized hub-and-spoke model allows organizations to apply consistent security policies, routing configurations, and traffic inspection rules from a single location, rather than managing them individually across each VNet or site. It also supports built-in redundancy and failover mechanisms, ensuring that traffic is automatically rerouted in case of link or regional failures, which enhances the overall availability of applications and services.

Another key benefit is its integration with advanced monitoring and analytics. Virtual WAN provides detailed telemetry on network health, bandwidth utilization, and traffic patterns, allowing IT teams to proactively identify and address potential bottlenecks or security threats. It supports automated route propagation, reducing the risk of misconfigurations that could disrupt connectivity or degrade performance. For organizations with global operations, Virtual WAN simplifies connecting multiple branch offices, remote users, and Azure resources under a unified network architecture.

Unlike VNet Peering or standalone ExpressRoute connections, Virtual WAN enables a scalable, flexible, and manageable approach to multi-region and hybrid networking. It supports both traditional enterprise WAN scenarios and modern cloud-native architectures, making it a strategic solution for organizations seeking to optimize connectivity, improve operational efficiency, and maintain robust performance across distributed environments.

Option D, Application Gateway, manages application-layer traffic but does not provide centralized network routing between VNets or support dynamic route propagation.

Azure Virtual WAN provides a scalable, enterprise-grade solution for multi-region and hybrid network topologies. By centralizing connectivity and automating route management, it reduces complexity, ensures efficient traffic flow, and enhances reliability. Integration with monitoring and security services further improves operational visibility and compliance.

Question 20:

You need to implement a solution that allows multiple VNets to communicate securely while maintaining a central inspection point for monitoring and enforcing security policies. Which architecture is most appropriate?

A) Hub-and-spoke with Azure Firewall in the hub
B) Direct VNet Peering between all VNets
C) Application Gateway with WAF in each VNet
D) Standard Load Balancer across VNets

Answer:
A

Explanation:

A hub-and-spoke architecture with Azure Firewall in the hub provides centralized security and monitoring while allowing secure communication between VNets. Azure Firewall enforces rules, inspects traffic, and integrates with threat intelligence feeds. Centralizing traffic through the hub allows consistent policy enforcement, logging, and monitoring. Spokes connect to the hub rather than directly to each other, simplifying routing and management.

Option B, direct VNet Peering, allows VNets to communicate directly but lacks a central inspection point. Policy enforcement becomes decentralized and harder to manage.

Option C, Application Gateway with WAF, provides application-layer security but does not inspect general network traffic or enforce centralized policies across VNets.

Option D, Standard Load Balancer, distributes traffic but does not provide security inspection or central policy enforcement.

The hub-and-spoke with Azure Firewall approach ensures centralized monitoring, threat protection, and simplified network management. It supports high availability, scalability, and compliance with organizational security standards, making it the optimal architecture for secure multi-VNet communication. Implementing a hub-and-spoke model with Azure Firewall in the hub also enhances operational efficiency and simplifies network governance. By centralizing traffic inspection and policy enforcement, organizations can avoid the complexity of managing multiple disparate security controls across each VNet. This centralized approach allows consistent application of rules, threat intelligence updates, and logging standards, reducing the risk of misconfigurations that could lead to security gaps or compliance violations. The hub can serve as a single point for monitoring and auditing all inter-VNet traffic, making it easier to maintain regulatory compliance and respond quickly to security incidents.

In addition to security, this architecture supports scalability and high availability. As new VNets or resources are deployed, spokes can be connected to the hub without the need for reconfiguring each connection or redeploying security policies. Azure Firewall integrates with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics, providing real-time visibility into traffic flows, detected threats, and policy enforcement outcomes. Organizations can leverage these insights for capacity planning, performance optimization, and proactive threat mitigation.

Furthermore, this design allows integration with additional security and networking services, such as VPN Gateways or ExpressRoute connections, creating a hybrid-ready architecture that supports both cloud-only and hybrid workloads. Overall, a hub-and-spoke with Azure Firewall ensures secure, manageable, and resilient multi-VNet communication while streamlining operations and supporting enterprise-scale deployments.

Question 21:

You need to connect multiple on-premises sites to a single Azure VNet with low latency and high reliability. Which solution should you implement?

A) ExpressRoute with Global Reach
B) VPN Gateway with point-to-site connections
C) NSGs
D) Azure Load Balancer

Answer:
A

Explanation:

ExpressRoute with Global Reach provides dedicated, private, high-bandwidth connections between on-premises networks and Azure. It enables multiple branch offices or data centers to connect through the Microsoft network with predictable latency, high reliability, and enhanced security. Global Reach extends connectivity between on-premises locations via ExpressRoute circuits, allowing inter-office communication while routing through the Azure backbone.

Option B, VPN Gateway with point-to-site connections, is intended for individual client devices to access Azure, not for connecting multiple on-premises sites efficiently. VPN connections rely on the public internet, resulting in variable latency, bandwidth limitations, and potential reliability issues.

Option C, NSGs, enforce inbound and outbound traffic rules within VNets. They are critical for network security, but do not provide connectivity between on-premises sites and Azure or ensure low latency.

Option D, Azure Load Balancer, distributes traffic among VMs but is unrelated to hybrid connectivity or site-to-VNet connections. It does not provide inter-site connectivity.

By using ExpressRoute with Global Reach, organizations achieve a robust and scalable hybrid network solution. It reduces dependency on the public internet, supports large data transfers, ensures secure and private connectivity, and provides enterprise-grade reliability. It is ideal for scenarios with high-performance workloads, multi-site connectivity requirements, and compliance regulations demanding private networking. ExpressRoute also integrates seamlessly with Azure monitoring and routing, supporting operational excellence and simplified network management.ExpressRoute with Global Reach also offers significant operational and strategic advantages for organizations with complex hybrid or multi-site deployments. Leveraging the Microsoft global network backbone provides predictable network performance that is essential for latency-sensitive applications such as real-time analytics, VoIP, or ERP systems. Unlike VPN solutions over the public internet, ExpressRoute connections are isolated from internet traffic, reducing exposure to congestion, jitter, or potential security threats. This ensures that business-critical workloads maintain consistent performance and reliability across geographically dispersed locations.

Global Reach further simplifies inter-branch connectivity by allowing on-premises sites to communicate with each other through the Azure network without the need for additional WAN infrastructure. This reduces operational costs, minimizes complexity, and provides a single, unified network fabric for both cloud and on-premises environments. The integration with Azure’s routing and monitoring services enables centralized management, visibility into traffic flows, and proactive troubleshooting. Network administrators can track utilization patterns, detect anomalies, and plan capacity effectively, which is critical for large-scale enterprise networks.

Additionally, ExpressRoute supports redundancy and high availability, ensuring that network outages do not disrupt operations. Its ability to handle large volumes of data securely makes it ideal for compliance-driven industries such as finance, healthcare, and government. By combining private connectivity, high reliability, and seamless multi-site integration, ExpressRoute with Global Reach provides a scalable, secure, and performance-optimized hybrid networking solution, supporting both operational efficiency and strategic business objectives.

Question 22:

You want to enforce outbound traffic filtering for all VNets in your Azure environment. Which service provides a centralized, scalable solution?

A) Azure Firewall
B) NSGs
C) Route Tables
D) VNet Peering

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Firewall is a centralized, stateful network security service that can filter both inbound and outbound traffic across multiple VNets. It allows administrators to define application and network rules, restrict outbound internet access, and log all traffic for auditing and compliance purposes. Azure Firewall can be deployed in a hub-and-spoke architecture, ensuring that all traffic from spoke VNets passes through the firewall for inspection and enforcement.

Option B, NSGs, control inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet or NIC level, but are decentralized. While NSGs can implement basic allow/deny rules, they do not provide centralized management or deep traffic inspection capabilities across multiple VNets. Managing outbound filtering solely with NSGs becomes complex in large-scale environments.

Option C, Route Tables, controls the path that traffic takes but cannot enforce security or filter outbound connections. They define routes, not traffic policies.

Option D, VNet Peering, connects VNets privately but does not enforce security policies or monitor outbound traffic. Peering is about connectivity, not traffic filtering.

Azure Firewall provides enterprise-grade security for outbound traffic with centralized policy management, auditing, and reporting. It supports threat intelligence, integration with monitoring tools, and automatic scaling. Organizations can enforce consistent outbound access policies, reduce operational risk, and comply with regulatory requirements, making it the ideal solution for centralized outbound traffic control. Azure Firewall also enhances organizational security posture by providing advanced features that go beyond basic traffic filtering. Its stateful inspection engine tracks the state of connections, ensuring that only legitimate traffic is allowed while blocking unauthorized attempts. Administrators can create both application-level rules, controlling access to specific URLs or domains, and network-level rules for IP addresses and ports, offering fine-grained control over outbound traffic. This dual-layer filtering is especially valuable in environments where sensitive data must be protected and compliance standards must be strictly adhered to.

In addition, Azure Firewall integrates seamlessly with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics, providing detailed visibility into all traffic flows. Organizations can generate reports, set up alerts for unusual activity, and perform forensic analysis in case of security incidents. The firewall also supports threat intelligence-based filtering, allowing automatic blocking of traffic from known malicious IP addresses or domains, which significantly reduces the risk of cyberattacks.

Scalability and high availability are other key benefits. Azure Firewall automatically scales to accommodate growing traffic loads, ensuring that outbound connectivity remains uninterrupted even during peak usage. In a hub-and-spoke architecture, this centralization simplifies policy management, reduces the operational overhead of configuring multiple NSGs, and ensures consistent enforcement of security policies across all connected VNets. By centralizing outbound traffic control, Azure Firewall helps organizations achieve robust, compliant, and easily manageable network security at an enterprise scale.

Question 23:

You are designing a network where VNets must exchange routes dynamically and integrate with third-party network appliances for inspection. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure Route Server
B) VPN Gateway
C) ExpressRoute
D) NSGs

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Route Server enables dynamic route propagation between VNets, on-premises networks, and network virtual appliances (NVAs) using BGP. This allows routes to be automatically updated without manual configuration, simplifying network management and preventing misconfigurations. By integrating with NVAs, organizations can apply inspection and security policies centrally while maintaining dynamic connectivity.

Option B, VPN Gateway, supports static and BGP routing for hybrid connectivity but is less scalable for multi-VNet and multi-appliance topologies. VPN Gateway is better suited for site-to-site connectivity, not centralized dynamic routing with multiple VNets and NVAs.

Option C, ExpressRoute, provides private connectivity with predictable performance but does not inherently manage dynamic routing between VNets or network appliances without additional configurations.

Option D, NSGs, enforce traffic filtering but do not manage routing or route propagation. NSGs are security-focused and cannot integrate dynamically with NVAs for routing.

Using Azure Route Server allows seamless route updates, reduces administrative complexity, enhances connectivity reliability, and supports dynamic integration with inspection appliances. It is ideal for enterprises with complex network topologies, multi-VNet environments, and hybrid deployments requiring centralized traffic inspection and automated route management. Azure Route Server also provides significant operational benefits for large-scale and hybrid network environments. By enabling dynamic routing via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), it removes the need for manually updating route tables whenever network changes occur, which greatly reduces administrative overhead and the risk of human errors that could disrupt connectivity. This is particularly valuable in environments where VNets, on-premises sites, and network virtual appliances are frequently added, removed, or reconfigured. Dynamic route propagation ensures that all connected networks always have accurate routing information, supporting seamless communication and high availability across complex topologies.

Another advantage of Azure Route Server is its compatibility with network virtual appliances (NVAs). Organizations can leverage NVAs for advanced security, traffic inspection, or WAN optimization, while Route Server ensures that routes to and from these appliances are automatically updated and propagated across the network. This integration allows centralized policy enforcement without sacrificing flexibility or scalability, making it easier to implement enterprise-grade network architectures.

Route Server also simplifies hybrid connectivity scenarios. Enterprises with multiple branch offices or data centers can maintain consistent routing policies between on-premises networks and Azure, while minimizing manual configuration and operational complexity. By combining dynamic route management, seamless integration with NVAs, and robust support for multi-VNet topologies, Azure Route Server delivers a scalable, reliable, and maintainable solution for modern, distributed network architectures, improving both operational efficiency and network resilience.

Question 24:

You need to implement secure, global traffic routing based on performance and user location for a multi-region application. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure Traffic Manager
B) Application Gateway
C) Standard Load Balancer
D) Azure Firewall

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based traffic routing service that directs users to the best-performing or geographically closest endpoint. It supports multiple routing methods, including performance-based, geographic, priority, and weighted. Traffic Manager monitors endpoint health and automatically redirects users to available endpoints if failures occur, ensuring high availability and low latency.

Option B, Application Gateway, is a layer 7 load balancer for regional HTTP/HTTPS traffic and cannot route traffic globally or make DNS-based decisions.

Option C, Standard Load Balancer, operates at layer 4 within a region and does not support global traffic distribution or user-location-based routing.

Option D, Azure Firewall, enforces network security policies but does not perform traffic routing.

Traffic Manager is ideal for global applications that require optimal performance, high availability, and user-location-based routing. By combining Traffic Manager with regional load balancers or Application Gateways, organizations can ensure efficient traffic distribution, resilience against failures, and improved user experience across the globe. Its health monitoring, failover capabilities, and integration with Azure Monitor provide a robust solution for multi-region deployments.

Question 25:

You need to design a highly available network where multiple VNets communicate through a central inspection and security point while enforcing policy across all traffic. Which architecture is most appropriate?

A) Hub-and-spoke with Azure Firewall in the hub
B) VNet Peering between all VNets
C) Application Gateway with WAF in each VNet
D) Standard Load Balancer across VNets

Answer:
A

Explanation:

A hub-and-spoke architecture with Azure Firewall in the hub provides a central point for traffic inspection, security enforcement, and monitoring while allowing multiple VNets to communicate securely. All traffic from spoke VNets flows through the hub, where Azure Firewall applies stateful inspection, application and network rules, and threat intelligence filtering. This centralization simplifies policy management, ensures consistency across all VNets, and enables logging and auditing for compliance.

Option B, VNet Peering, provides direct connectivity but lacks a centralized inspection point. Policy enforcement is decentralized, creating administrative overhead and inconsistent security enforcement.

Option C, Application Gateway with WAF, protects web applications but only inspects HTTP/HTTPS traffic. It cannot enforce network-wide policies for general VNet-to-VNet communication or integrate seamlessly with multiple VNets.

Option D, Standard Load Balancer, distributes traffic among VMs but does not provide inspection, security enforcement, or centralized monitoring.

The hub-and-spoke with Azure Firewall model provides scalability, high availability, operational simplicity, and strong security controls. It ensures that inter-VNet traffic is monitored, threats are mitigated, and compliance is maintained. Integration with route tables allows traffic to flow through the hub without complex configurations in spokes, supporting enterprise-grade deployments and centralized network governance.

Question 26:

You need to ensure high availability and automatic failover for multiple VNets across regions in Azure. Which service should you implement?

A) Azure Virtual WAN
B) VNet Peering
C) Azure Load Balancer
D) Azure Bastion

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Virtual WAN provides a global network architecture to connect VNets across multiple regions and integrate with on-premises networks. It is designed to ensure high availability, optimized routing, and automatic failover in a multi-region environment. Virtual WAN allows a hub-and-spoke topology, where a central hub in each region connects to multiple VNets (spokes). It supports automated route propagation and dynamic updates, which reduces configuration errors and ensures consistent connectivity even in the event of link or hub failures.

Option B, VNet Peering, allows direct connectivity between VNets but is region-limited and does not inherently provide automatic failover or multi-region routing. For cross-region VNets, multiple peerings would be needed, creating a complex and error-prone architecture.

Option C, Azure Load Balancer, distributes traffic among VMs within a region but does not handle multi-region failover or VNet-to-VNet connectivity. It is suitable for local high availability but not global network resiliency.

Option D, Azure Bastion, provides secure remote access to VMs but does not facilitate high availability or failover between VNets or regions.

Using Azure Virtual WAN ensures that traffic is dynamically routed to the best available path between regions, supporting automatic failover in case of hub outages. It reduces management overhead, provides centralized monitoring, and supports hybrid connectivity with ExpressRoute or VPN. By enabling optimized path selection and failover, Virtual WAN ensures business continuity, improves network resilience, and maintains service-level agreements for enterprise workloads. It is an ideal solution for globally distributed organizations requiring high availability, automated traffic routing, and centralized network governance.

Question 27:

You need to centrally log and analyze all traffic flowing through multiple VNets, including communication between on-premises and Azure. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure Network Watcher
B) NSGs
C) Route Tables
D) Application Gateway

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Network Watcher is a monitoring and diagnostic service that provides visibility into network traffic, connectivity, and performance across Azure resources. It captures flow logs for Network Security Groups (NSGs), monitors connectivity between VNets, and provides telemetry for communication with on-premises networks. Network Watcher enables administrators to log, analyze, and visualize network traffic patterns, identify bottlenecks, and detect anomalies. It also integrates with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics to provide long-term storage, querying capabilities, and alerting for unusual traffic patterns.

Option B, NSGs, provide traffic filtering at the subnet or NIC level and can generate logs when diagnostic settings are enabled. However, NSGs alone cannot provide centralized logging, analytics, or comprehensive visibility across multiple VNets and hybrid connections. They are primarily enforcement mechanisms rather than analytical tools.

Option C, Route Tables, controls traffic routing within VNets but does not provide logging, analytics, or insight into network performance. They are configuration tools, not monitoring or diagnostic services.

Option D, Application Gateway, inspects HTTP/HTTPS traffic and provides Web Application Firewall (WAF) capabilities, but does not offer network-wide logging and analytics across multiple VNets. It is focused on application-layer traffic and does not provide holistic network monitoring.

By using Azure Network Watcher, organizations gain detailed visibility into all network flows, including between VNets and on-premises networks. It enables proactive detection of connectivity issues, supports compliance and audit requirements, and provides actionable insights for troubleshooting and optimizing network performance. Centralized logging and analysis allow administrators to identify trends, understand network behavior, and plan capacity and security strategies effectively. Network Watcher ensures operational excellence, improves security posture, and reduces downtime by providing complete observability across complex Azure and hybrid network environments.

Question 28:

You need to prevent DDoS attacks against your internet-facing Azure services while ensuring automated mitigation and real-time monitoring. Which service should you deploy?

A) Azure DDoS Protection Standard
B) NSGs
C) Azure Firewall
D) Application Gateway

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure DDoS Protection Standard is a managed service designed to protect Azure resources from volumetric and protocol-based Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It provides automatic detection and mitigation, ensuring that critical workloads remain available even under attack. DDoS Protection Standard integrates with VNets, Application Gateway, and Load Balancer to provide real-time protection, telemetry, alerting, and mitigation reporting.

Option B, NSGs, enforce security rules for inbound and outbound traffic, but cannot absorb large-scale DDoS attacks. NSGs are effective for access control but do not mitigate volumetric attacks that saturate bandwidth.

Option C, Azure Firewall, provides stateful packet inspection and filtering, but it is not designed to mitigate massive volumetric DDoS attacks. While it can block suspicious traffic patterns, it cannot absorb large-scale attack traffic.

Option D, Application Gateway, provides layer 7 traffic management and WAF capabilities but does not mitigate volumetric DDoS attacks. It is suitable for application-layer threats but not network-layer saturation attacks.

Deploying DDoS Protection Standard ensures that workloads remain resilient against both network-level and protocol-level attacks. It reduces downtime, provides telemetry for attack analysis, and integrates with Azure Monitor for alerting. Organizations benefit from a proactive security posture, improved service availability, and compliance with regulatory requirements. By offloading attack mitigation to the Azure-managed service, teams can focus on core business operations while maintaining a secure, high-availability environment. DDoS Protection Standard supports large-scale enterprise applications, provides SLA-backed mitigation, and is critical for any public-facing service requiring continuous availability and performance.

Question 29:

You need to dynamically propagate routes between Azure VNets and third-party network appliances while avoiding manual route configuration. Which service is most appropriate?

A) Azure Route Server
B) VPN Gateway
C) ExpressRoute
D) NSGs

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Route Server enables dynamic route propagation using BGP between Azure VNets and network virtual appliances (NVAs) or on-premises routers. This eliminates the need for manual route updates whenever network topologies change. Route Server supports automatic discovery and propagation of IP prefixes, ensuring that routes remain consistent and reducing the risk of misconfigurations.

Option B, VPN Gateway, supports static and dynamic BGP routing but is less flexible for multi-VNet topologies with multiple NVAs. It is optimized for site-to-site connectivity rather than centralized route propagation across complex enterprise networks.

Option C, ExpressRoute, provides private connectivity with predictable latency but does not inherently propagate routes dynamically between VNets or NVAs without additional configuration. ExpressRoute alone is not a routing management solution.

Option D, NSGs, enforce traffic filtering but do not handle routing. They are critical for security, but cannot propagate or update routes dynamically.

Using Azure Route Server simplifies network management, reduces operational overhead, and ensures that all VNets, appliances, and on-premises networks remain connected correctly. It supports automated route discovery, integrates with monitoring solutions for route health, and enables seamless scaling of complex networks. Organizations benefit from reduced configuration errors, faster deployment of network changes, and improved operational reliability. Route Server is ideal for hybrid or multi-VNet environments that rely on network appliances for inspection, security, or advanced routing scenarios.

Question 30:

You need to implement secure, centralized access for administrators to manage Azure VMs without exposing them to public IP addresses. Which service should you deploy?

A) Azure Bastion
B) VPN Gateway
C) NSGs
D) Load Balancer

Answer:
A

Explanation:

Azure Bastion provides secure, fully managed RDP and SSH access to Azure VMs via the Azure portal without the need for public IP addresses. Connections are encrypted over SSL, eliminating the security risk of exposing RDP/SSH ports to the internet. Bastion supports multiple concurrent sessions, autoscaling based on demand, and logging for audit purposes.

Option B, VPN Gateway, provides secure network connectivity but requires client configuration and public internet access for remote administrators. It is more suitable for hybrid connectivity than for seamless VM management.

Option C, NSGs, filter traffic at the subnet or NIC level, but do not provide remote access or encrypted management capabilities. They are a security tool, not a remote administration solution.

Option D, Load Balancer, distributes traffic among VMs but cannot provide remote management or centralized secure access.

Using Azure Bastion ensures secure, auditable, and simplified access for administrators. It minimizes attack surfaces, supports compliance requirements, and integrates with Azure Monitor for session logging. Bastion centralizes VM access while maintaining strong security controls, making it the preferred solution for enterprises needing secure management of critical workloads.